The Mexican Mafia And Organized Crime - 3946 Words

The Mexican Mafia, or â€Å"La Eme†, as they refer to themselves, is one of the most powerful and influential organized crime gangs in the United States. The organization has risen through the decades of mass gang wars and violence to become the power it is today. Their control is limitless and they have ventured far beyond the expectations of what was thought that gangs were capable of. They have infiltrated governments and manipulated politics. They have taken over neighborhoods and attempted to ethnically cleanse them. Innocent people have become caught up in the affairs of La Eme throughout its history and many have faced violence and death at their hands. This paper is a continual of the case analysis of the Mexican Mafia and will attempt to provide explanations for some of the crimes committed by this organization. Researching gangs and organized crime is important because of their large influence and control over many aspects of daily life. The significance of attempti ng to provide causations of their crimes can better provide the criminal justice system a clearer understanding of problems that lead to gang members committing crimes on behalf of the organization. A clearer understanding of problems can help the system to provide solutions to combat situations that inhibit crimes. *. Theories *. Social Disorganization Theory Before we provide theories in depth on the micro level, we must establish the broader concept on the macro level of the location where many of theShow MoreRelatedOrganized Crime Group Analysis1527 Words   |  7 PagesOrganized Crime Group Analysis Team A CJA 384 Organized Crime Group Analysis In this paper it was asked of us as a team to give an in-depth historical analysis of an organized crime group. With this class being about organized crime one would think to write about mobsters, but we decided to think outside the box. 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Cheating Husband By Jess Vinson - 802 Words

Cheating Husband Headline: He Asked Her to Cheat on Her Husband, But He Never Realized How Far She d Take It Summary: Jess Vinson was enjoying a witty political talk on Facebook. When the stranger messaged her and asked to hook up, Jess told him she was married. After he insisted, he was completely shocked by her response. Introduction: The last few years were difficult for Jess Vinson. As the mother of two children, life was never easy. Like most young mothers, she had a constant stream of challenges and hard work to deal with. Despite all of the effort, she was still completely in love with her husband. The days might be tiring, but caring for her children was rewarding. When she was diagnosed with cancer several years ago,†¦show more content†¦She told him that she was flatter, but she had a husband. The stranger ignored her refusal. He told her that it did not bother him that she was married because he was a wife as tell. In a flirtatious tone, he told her that he could keep a secret if she could. Throughout her battle with cancer, Jess had always had her husband to lean on for support. After going through so much with her husband, Jess was furious at the stranger s answer. Her response to him was perfect. - Insert a picture of her message. After sending the message, Jess never heard from the stranger again. Later that night, Jess told her husband what happened and showed him her response. They decided to share the message on Facebook to show people the importance of having and acting on strong family values. The evening s surprises were not over yet though. It seemed like the universe was proud of Jess sticking to her beliefs because karma quickly caught up to her. While Jess was reading the replies to the Facebook post, she saw an advertisement for an online casino. It offered 100 free spins for a small deposit. To her total amazement, she ended up winning a large prize in just 22 spins. As the payout of $427,540 popped up on the screen, Jess started shaking in shock. She could hardly believe her eyes. Running to the kitchen, she showed her husband the winning screen. She could not

gand maro Essay Example For Students

gand maro Essay Search Results Essays On Life Without Machines Or Technology Free Essays 81 100 www. studymode. com/ /essays-on-life-without-machines-or-technology- Free Essays on Essays On Life Without Machines Or Technology for students. Use our papers to help you with yours 81 100. Life Without Machines Free Essays 1 20 StudyMode. com www. studymode. com/sub]ects/life-without-machines-pagel . html 20+ items Free Essays on Life Without Machines for students. Use our Life Without N Sync a Satirical Essay 574 words 3 Pages. What Is Life Without Ignorance 60 words How dependent we are on machines? Are machines going to take www. essayforum. com/ /dependent-we-machines-machines-going-take- Nov 9, 2012 2 posts 2 authors Ultimately, we can say that living without technology or machinery is like living without air in What is the role of machines in our lives today? introduction of essay about technology . 4 posts 12 Feb 2013 TOEFL Essay Work by hand OR machine 11 posts 7 May 2012 The role of tech nology in our lives today: have we 8 posts 19 Apr 2010 The individuality, use of machines and traveling for Apr 2009 More results from www. ssayforum. com Id rather work late than let machines grade essays oncampus. macleans. ca Home Blog Central 7 posts Macleans On May 30, 2013 Of course, the idea of machine grading essays is both economic and political. that will encourage dull, connect-the-dots writing without insight or critical . the student to describe the difficulties and challenges of modern life. Life Without Technology Essay Example Essays www. exampleessays. com/viewpaper/64667. html Without technology life would be more difficult than it.. I couldnt even eat lunch at school without the help of those little machines that take our meal plans. 266 Words Short Essay on Man and Machine www. shareyouressays. com/ /266-words-short-essay-on-man-an by Barnali Man is a machine no doubt. He is a marvelous piece of work. The only difference is that man has got life and consciousness which machines dont have. The. Free Essays on a Day Without Modern Gadgets 1 through 30 www. essaydepot. com/ documents/a-day-without-modern-gadgets/1 30+ items Free Essays on a Day Without Modern Gadgets. Get help with many negatives to be seen on the surface when considering a lifestyle without have made us slaves to machines Modern gadgets have made us complete Free Essays on Life Without Modern Gadgets 1 through 30 www. essaydepot. com/documents/life-without-modern-gadgets/1 30+ items Free Essays on Life Without Modern Gadgets. Get help with when considering a lifestyle without modern gadgets, we as people have machines have become like servants without which life comes to a standstill Essays on How We Can Live Without Simple Machines Essay Depot www. saydepot. com/documents/how-we- can-live-without machines/1 30+ items Free Essays on How We Can Live Without Simple Machines. Simple Machines Essay remarkable impact in human lives, like the six Life Without Internet and disadvantages but it depends from person to Machine Stops Personal Essay EssayJudge www. essayJudge. com/document_detail. php? doc_id=205 Otherwise, our dear machines without their imperative energy, will never w ork Machines play a more significant role in a girls life than countless Barbie dolls Searches related to life without ma

The Way to Wealth A Puritan Sermon free essay sample

The Way to Wealth: A Puritan Sermon? BY dude 92 Seventeenth-century sermon techniques in Benjamin Franklins Way to Wealth communicate his secular eighteenth-century principles. First, Franklins structure contains a text, a doctrine section, and an application section as a Puritan sermon would. Franklin addresses a question concerning the financial problems of the day, and he takes his text from Poor Richards Almanac. Based on the issue raised concerning finances, Franklin formulates the thesis that the tax commissioners are unable to ease the people of their burden because they tax themselves with idleness, ride, and folly (221); however, Franklin provides three eighteenth-century principles that he considers useful solutions to the taxes: Industry, prudence, and frugality. As application, Franklin Incorporates a Biblical allusion that he hopes will stir the emotions of the people and that allusion is that Job suffered, and was afterwards prosperous (225).Second, Way to Wealth has a didactic purpose. The virtues, industry, prudence, and frugality communicate this didactic purpose well. We will write a custom essay sample on The Way to Wealth: A Puritan Sermon? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First, Franklin declares, Industry pays debts, .. . Gives comfort, and plenty, and respect (222). For Franklin, however, industry must not go without frugality, and to demonstrate this he says, we must add frugality, if we would make our industry more certainly successful. [For] If you would be wealthy, . .. Think of saving as well as of getting (223).In conclusion, Franklin gives one warning concerning these virtues. He warns that we must be charitable to those without the virtues while at the same time asking the blessing of heaven upon the virtues (225). Finally, Franklins work demonstrates the Puritan Plain style. As a Puritan sermon could quote from the Bible, Franklin utilizes a plethora of quotes from the Almanac. Each time He makes a point Franklin says, As Poor Richard says, or Poor Dick says, or Poor Richard likewise observes (221), and the list goes on.Another way Franklin demonstrates Plain Style Is his focus on the message rather than the writer. The fact that Franklin uses a fictional Father Abraham to give the sermon Is proof enough that the writer was not vying for attention. Though Franklins quotes are all from his works, never once does he draw attention to himself as the author. Through the entire work, Franklin utilizes the Puritan sermon techniques. Through these techniques, Franklin teaches what he believes are the core values of the eighteenth century. Hat he considers useful solutions to the taxes: industry, prudence, and frugality. As application, Franklin incorporates a Biblical allusion that he hopes will stir the demonstrates Plain Style is his focus on the message rather than the writer. The fact that Franklin uses a fictional Father Abraham to give the sermon is proof enough that the writer was not wing for attention.

The Influence of Arabic and Mughal Rulers on The Architecture in South Asia. Essay Example

The Influence of Arabic and Mughal Rulers on The Architecture in South Asia. Essay The human life and its style of functioning are bound to be marked by the architecture of the period, and in that regard, architecture is that unique time-stamp, which one cannot hide, even if one wants to distort or tamper it; instead one ends up providing its activities as the periodic evidence. This is what one would find in the case of the South Asian architecture, where there is a distinct existence of a series of architecture of the older times, ranging from early Vedic era to the twelfth century A.D. though most of them bearing the stamp of periodic doctoring by the Arabic and Mughal rulers.Such was done, understandably, to utilize the already available resources by modifying them according to their need. This act of theirs in most of the places even ignored, or had to ignore the principles of Saracenic architecture, the style they were groomed at. Thus, most of the South Asia, predominated by a chain of Hindu architecture bearing the legacy of their art, culture, history and the nuances of their philosophy has severely been modified and renamed, which at places, can even befool its observer.Accordingly, the written history has also been twisted while accommodating the doctored work without much scrutiny. But then, civilization with its advancement would go on unraveling the truths from the beguiling examples, and the same has now been happening in the field of South Asian architecture, where the modern means of carbon-dating or the utilization of periodic historical data are being systematically used by the researchers worldwide to unfurl the hidden stories of life and time of this region. More stunning are the facts that the architecture itself here is coming out with amazing truth about how they were doctored by the Arabic rulers and forcing the psyche of the region to administer changes in the history. This essay picks up four such examples to put forth the fact that unless raised to the ground, an organized and well-founded architectural style canno t be transformed into another style to the extent of violating the history forever.Origin of Architecture in South AsiaThis region had been a compact and complete example of the Vedic culture, dating back to the earliest possible period of civilization, since when the culture itself nourished and flourished, while its architecture had also been chronicling that journey of civilization, which Arabic rulers tried to abolish firstly with sporadic invasion, and later when they could establish their footing here. The architecture of this region, however, has also chronicled that, again reestablishing the fact that a societys perception about life and living is bound to reflect in its application and the first and foremost tangible exponent of that application has to be its architecture, because it is also a continuous developing process which accommodates or facilitates the not only the perception of the society, but also its evolution. That is why, the examples of the original society a nd its life and time can still be found in series of widespread ordinary and grand architectures here, conforming the same style and architectural principle, which belong to the Hindu culture.The Four Constructions Influenced by Arabic RulersThe four constructions that are chosen for the discussion are all from the northern region of India and around Delhi, the present capital of the country, which also has the record of serving as the capital of various rulers ranging from Vedic period to the British, let alone the short and moderate stints of the Arabic and Mughal rulers. According to the recorded evidence, the Tomar king Anangapal built the 1st town at the Dillika village in 737 AD, called it Lal Kot and founded his kingdom. In the 12th century, the kingdom passed away from the Tomars to the Chauhan Rajputs. The last Chauhan king, Prithviraj III built the 2nd town Kila Rai Pithora enclosed by a wall near the Qutab Minar. This essay within its limitation tries to delve into the al l-available versions of the origin of the four constructions of this region, viz., Qwwat al-Islam, Qutab Minar, Fatehpur Sikri and Taj Mahal, before reaching its conclusion.The Qwwat al-Islam MosqueAccording to the recognized definition, the Quwwat-ul-Islam (meaning might of Islam), was constructed following the establishment of Muslim rule from Delhi, which according to the approved data was begun by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak in 1193 and completed 4 years later on the site of Rai Pithora’s Hindu temple. The approved document states that twenty-seven Hindu and Jain temples were leveled to provide enough masonry for the new structure. As a result, the Hindu influence has permeated into the whole complex. Motifs such as tasseled ropes, bells, tendrils, cows and leaves can all be traced on the masonry in richly carved detail. The mosque was enlarged a century later by Sultan Alauddin Khalji, although the extension was never completed.From some researchers point of view, however, this mo sque is a doctored presentation over an earlier structure with elements collected from invasion. As for example, the Iron Pillar (23ft high, situated in the courtyard of the Quwwat-ul-Islam) of the mosque is dated back to the Gupta period with Sanskrit inscriptions from the 4th or 5th century. This pillar was supposedly taken from a Vishnu temple and placed at this site before the construction of the complex. The nature of the materials and style (sandstone, Hindu architectural motifs), etc. also suggest about the same.The Qutab MinarRegarded as the highest stone tower in India, this construction is 239 ft. high, has a diameter of 14.32 meters at the base and about 2.75 meters at the top. The first three storeys are made of red sandstone and are heavily indented with different styles of fluting, alternately round and angular on the bottom floor, round on the second and angular on the third. The fourth and fifth floors are made of marble and sandstone. The door on its northern side l eads inside the tower to a spiral stairway with 379 steps that wind its way up to the balcony in each floor and culminating in a platform at the top. The intricate balconies held together by stalactite vaulting technique and patterned with honeycombing.The minar has survived a series of lightening bolts and earthquakes through centuries and consequently was subjected to rejuvenation acts by different rulers ranging from Mughal to British, which have also caused some thematic deviation to it. As for example when Major R. Smith of the Royal Engineers restored the Qutab Minar in 1829, he replaced the cupola with a Bengal style chhattri, which was again removed in 1848, by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge, because that was considered as misfit to the architectural style of the rest of the minar. Now it stands to the left of the entry path and is known as Smiths folly.In any case, Qutab Minar (axis minaret) is recognized as an Indo-Islamic architectural wonder of ancient India. The historians a ccredit Sultan Qutub-Din Aibak of Slave dynasty as its founder in the year 1199 A.D, when he completed the first storey, while the rest of the five stories were completed by his son-in -law, Illtutmish in 1230. All said and done, the current band of researchers are of the opinion that the panels in the upper part containing serpentine patterns, speak of Hindu lineage, because it has a distinct name, in Hindu architecture as Makara Torana, meaning, emanating from the mouth of a crocodile and this is a common sacred Hindu motif in historic buildings. They also have documented the reverse sides of the stones that fell from the surface of the Minar, which contain Hindu images.Fatehpur SikriThe royal city at Fatehpur Sikri, situated 26 miles west of Agra, stated to be built between 1571 to 1585, by the order of the ruler Akbar. This cluster of buildings speaks of a planned city. Building materials used here are sandstone, red stone, marble, wood, and iron, and it wears a look of compound style of Hindu (the posts) and Arabic architecture (roofs and domes).According to G.E. Kidder Smith, The mere fact of Fatehpurs instant completion is, of course, prodigious but more impressive to us today are the quality, scale, and diversity of its buildings and the spaces they define. Its parts are better than the whole: it lacks, for instance, an orienting spine. It is fresh and innovative architecture, with its vast array of building types represents -like most Moghul building-a fusion of Indian and Islamic cultures. The underlying structure is generally of Hindu post-and-beams, in many cases roofed with Muslim vaults and domes. All is carried out here with cohesive and sympathetic scale: note the neighborhood atmosphere. (82)Fatehpur Sikri blended both Islamic and Hindu elements in their architectural style. One of the buildings even reflects the new syncretistic faith (Din-e-ilahi) founded by Akbar. According to the popular legend, Akbar had built this to mark the birth of hi s son Jangir and so the construction of the new ceremonial capital, with its elaborate palaces, formal courtyards, reflecting pools, harems, tombs and a great mosque, commenced in 1571. A large number of masons and stone carvers worked hard on an area that was over two miles long and a mile wide; they used brilliant red sandstone available locally, which provides the buildings with much of their luster. Shortly after the work was completed fifteen years later, it was realized that there was a lack of an adequate water supply and the pristine complex was abandoned.Fatehpur Sikri is now a World Heritage site. The Panch Mahal, or Palace of Five Storeys, and the Buland Darwaza, a massive gate, which provides entrance to the complex that is rated even by the researchers as a finest specimen of Mughal architecture, to the extent of being the greatest accomplishment of it. Interestingly, they dont bring Taj Mahal into consideration in this regard!Taj MahalFrom Ustad Isa to Geronimo Veroneo , a good many names still do round as its chief architect, if one counts its origination under the regime of Shah Jahan (1630-1653) as true, but none could claim the credit of its design that contains onion-shaped domes and flanking towers on a platform 22 high and 313 square.The present day mausoleum is 57 m (190 ft) square in plan. The central inner dome is 24.5 m (81 ft) high and 17.7 m (58 ft) in diameter, but is surmounted by an outer shell nearly 61 m (200 ft) in height. Corner minarets are 137 tall, while its main structure 186 on a side, dome to 187. It used marbles from Makrana region of Jodhpur, famous for its white marbles.The arrangement of the domes, the lotus canopy, the trident pinnacle, the 22 locked and sealed rooms in the building, the direction of the mosque and its triple domes, the Nagar-khanas, and the surviving Hindu symbolism indicate that it was originally built as a temple complex. The purpose of the minarets is not functional but decorative, and the inspir ation behind them does not appear to be Saracenic. The graves and the Quranic inscriptions upon the marble wall, of course, should be attributed to Shah Jahan.The whole argument about the Taj Mahal being a Mogul construction hinges solely upon the assumption about the origin of the bulbous dome, which certainly is debatable. Havell had emphatically asserted (1-38) that the prototype of bulbous dome existed in the Buddhist stupa and the carvings of Ajanta several centuries before the Mogul invasion. He also asserted that from purely architectural considerations, the inspiration behind the edifice was neither Arab, nor Persian, or, nor European but Indian more Indian than St. Pauls cathedral and Westminster Abbey are English. (13)A large number of researchers claim with several evidences and explanations that the Taj Mahal was already ancient at the time of Shah Jahan and they point out that the general layout of the Taj Complex resembles a Shiva temple. The researchers also cite   the discrepancies in the relevant documents associated with the construction of Taj Mahal, all the while pointing to certain explicitly pertinent questions involving the intention of the construction, by presenting architectural evidences.Thus, the question of antiquity of the Taj Mahal has powerful bearing upon the study of Indian archaeology. It raises certain pertinent questions about the origin, development, influence and classification of one of the important streams of mediaeval architecture. And since an architectural style carries with it the stamp of the contemporary epoch, the above questions have bearing upon the study of Indian history as well. Therefore, it calls for a thorough re-examination of the Mogul architectureparticularly that of Shah Jahan, which Fergusson found it so difficult to reconcile with the style of that period.DiscussionThe major buildings in pre-Islamic India used tradbeate methods of construction. This can be referred to as beam and post constructio n to reflect its most simple form, which, none of the above four constructions are deviated from. Architecture is the time stamp of the civilization of a region. It demonstrates the ability of the society it is generated from. As for example a big mansion reflects its originator on many grounds, ranging from its architectural knowledge to the religious beliefs and affordability, let alone tastes of culture and intelligence of application. All earmarks the heritage of community and it is undeniable that heritage takes time to establish itself, in which cumulative architectural presentation of a group takes centuries before it comes to a state to claim its identity.Here in South Asia, the ancient residents, the Hindu rulers had that scope (since 5000 B.C. approx), while the invaders, i.e., the Arabic rulers did not have that time to establish Saracenic architecture here during their short stint in the region. The main reason, perhaps lies in a package of impediments consisting of clim ate, contra social situations, constant opposition from the native kings, constraint in garnering material, non availability of the engineers, architects and masons skilled in their style of architecture. These factors perhaps forced them to go for makeshift solutions through doctoring and renaming the existing architecture of the region before propagandizing the proprietary over them.ConclusionIn summation, the influence of the Arabic and Mughal architecture is not a widespread and accepted phenomenon in this region, because that never came up here through the usual long-standing process; example like Fatehpur Sikri is not sufficient to prove its influence on the local architecture. However, as with the changed socio-economic and political situation with new rulers, the materials or the quality of the construction have varied at some places, which have no bearing with the Saracenic or Arbic/Mughal styles of architecture.This establishes the fact that locomotion of a society under c ertain climate and culture determines its architecture, which in turn chronicles the journey of civilization in it, which, cannot be abolished totally unless it is totally razed to ground. This is evident in the architecture of the South Asia, where the kings of the earlier times built huge mansions to create the awe in the public mind about their might, the most of which were occupied later by the Arabic and Mughal rulers, who wanted to transform them according to their style, but could not hide the leakage of the history through doctored works. As a result, those structures have become Hindu-Arabic-Mughal compositions, thus chronicling the treatment of time on them.

Ngos As Alternative Service Providers Children And Young People Essay Essays

Ngos As Alternative Service Providers Children And Young People Essay Essays Ngos As Alternative Service Providers Children And Young People Essay Essay Ngos As Alternative Service Providers Children And Young People Essay Essay which are ratified by provinces and are adhering to all future decision makers. Yet after so many attempts and promises to implement the Torahs and fundamental laws the weaker subdivision of the society, non merely in India but in all parts of the universe, is still denied the human rights of quality instruction, wellness and equality. Hence a demand was felt to look for some sort of alternate method or manner out to make full this spread. It is because of this ground Non Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) are formed to shoulder the duty of functioning the poorest of hapless with the authorities. In a big developing state like India, Non Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) act as alternate or complementary service suppliers and seek to bridge the legion spreads in the developmental procedures between range and demand of services. These alternate service suppliers play an of import function by assisting authoritiess through advocating, partnering and complementing the plants of the province in order to guarantee that all those who are excluded, enjoy their right of equality in society. Healthy and learned people are the nucleus of any development. Lack of entree to the instruction, firmly acquired cognition, accomplishments and good wellness is a agency for its decline. Sustainable development is possible merely through the entree to meaningful larning which in bend is important for improved productiveness, lessened poorness, improved and preventative wellness attention, empowered adult females and enhanced equality. NGOs, as development spouses, have the chief harmonizing function to play in states where authoritiess have failed or are unable to carry through their customary function. In the wellness and instruction sectors, there are many success narratives that non merely created the needed physical substructure but besides developed the academic and caring environment for those who are still left out. NGOs as bearers of inclusive growing Government of India is concentrating on the fiscal inclusion of the society at big. But still there is a greater demand for the inclusive society so as the underserved must non experience left out. Here NGOs can play a better function for the integrating of this weaker subdivision with the society where authorities s attempts are non able to carry through the spreads and the aspirations. Entree to basic instruction and wellness attention installations are fundamentally considered as the premier duties of authoritiess. Governments try to be in line with the internationally agreed ends of Education for All which province that primary instruction should be free and compulsory. The chief aim behind these marks was on augmenting entree of kids to basic formal instruction provided by authoritiess. Role of authoritiess as a facilitator of basic instruction is pertinent as a literate society can take an advantage in constructing state s individuality and can besides accumulate benefits of societal and economic development. Not merely the society at big but persons can besides be benefited in footings of life style, lifecycle and across coevalss. In developing states like India, the jussive mood for educated people is even greater, as it is non merely about exerting the right to be learned and a responsibility to part towards the state for its development, but it is beside s of import for guaranting security. Health attention and instruction are the primary service sectors given these are the largest, the most prevailing and perceptible establishments in the state, seeable even in the privy parts. Due to their cultural, societal and economic dimensions of wellness and instruction sectors, these are the most complex establishments to administrate and pull off. Thus, irrespective of all the attempts and money put in for the fulfilment of constitutional pledge of Education for All and Healthy Citizens , India is still fighting with the serious issues of hapless quality, deficiency of motive, disorganisation and unequal entree in the schooling and wellness system. Furthermore, where the authorities s proviso to recognize the aims of cosmopolitan primary instruction and healthy citizens has been unequal to carry through demand, the sustainable and long-run partnership of authorities and NGOs can bridge this spread. NGOs as stakeholders in the administration act as driving force behind grea ter cooperation through the active mobilisation of public support for a peculiar cause. With transformed focal point on spread outing the installations of quality wellness attention and instruction and to be in sync with the ends of international bureaus, greater attending is being paid on function of non authorities stakeholders that they are playing and could play in back uping helpers and authorities in accomplishing marks, while authorities being the chief supplier. This attracts consideration of the altering function of the authorities needs to play in back uping the demands of improved wellness attention installations and quality primary instruction in instances where it is non the direct supplier. The authorities s function differs harmonizing to the type of the NGO and the extent to which they compliment the public bringing of the services. NGOs advocate their function towards the accomplishment of ends of inclusive growing either by seting force per unit area on the authorities bureaus or by affecting straight as attention takers. The underserved may take many signifiers including those difficult to range in footings of gender, street kids, orphans, disbanded kids in station struggle countries, kids with disablements, refugees, kid laborers etc. These underserved are non able to avail their basic necessities of instruction and wellness and hence can non be a portion of inclusive growing because of poorness, and or because of socio cultural and other demand related grounds. Inadequate supply of resources in stray and rural countries can farther worsen these bottlenecks. NGOs and Orphan s demand for Education and Health As per a survey conducted by SOS Children s small town based on 3rd National Health Survey, there are about 20 million kids ( about 4 % of the entire population ) are orphan. Harmonizing to this, 0.3 % kids were orphaned because of decease of their parents and rest 99.7 % have been abandoned. The chief grounds for such high figures are ascribed to poverty as the chief subscriber while societal agitation and terrorist act in some provinces, as revealed by this study of SOS Children s small town. Poverty, disablement, dissensions, and deficiency of consciousness are notable bottlenecks to many kids acquiring into schools. Economic adversities and society s deficiency of involvement and protection mean that orphans may lose the chance to avail the installations provided by the public wellness system every bit good. Children who have been orphaned by the decease of parents or the individual surviving parent is non able to take attention, are normally discarded by society, denied fondness and attention and left with few resources to populate on. For societal and economic grounds these kids frequently drop out from schools. Sometimes these kids are ill-fed and suffer from sick wellness and are at a hazard of mistreatment and carelessness. In many state of affairss these kids are pushed into illicit activities and sexual activities in instance of miss kid. India is go forthing no rocks unturned with the aim to convey orphan into the mainstream. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry, Health Ministry and Education Ministry of Indian authorities have implemented assorted public assistance and wellness strategies for the underprivileged. Besides there are more than 800 orphanhoods across India for the upliftment of this underserved subdivision of society. The authorities s enterprise to better the entree of primary instruction and wellness attention installations for orphans is rooted in the importance of basic human rights for all kids. This attempt of authorities s can guarantee a position of equality and societal security among all subdivisions of society. The benefits of societal incorporation, psychological development, secure and structured environment etc. can be leveraged by confabulating cognition and life accomplishments. Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram The NGO The Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram is a Non Government Charitable Organisation in Greater NOIDA, U.P. , has developed a theoretical account that uses wellness attention and instruction as a agency of undertaking the jobs of orphan, with the chief focal point on miss kid and impoverished adult females without any distinction of caste, faith, part, race or coloring material. The ashram is a undertaking of H. H. Shri Mataji Devi Foundation. The organisation is registered under the Trust Registration Act and Foreign Contribution Regulation Act ( FCRA ) . The organisation is funded by the members of the Sahaj Yoga Organization and there are some international givers every bit good. Seminars and workshops are conducted as fund elevation activities. NGO does non acquire any fiscal aid from the authorities bureaus. Mrs. Giesla Matzer, the Executive Director told that the ashram is controlled but non sponsored by the province authorities. The Ashram is managed and run by the president Sir C. P. Srivastava and the legal guardians. The twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities are administered by Austrian Citizen Mrs. Gisela Matzer, the Executive Director. She is really dearly being called Oma by the occupants and is like grandma who ever showers them with her motherly love. Mrs. Darshi Gursharan, the darling grandma, has many old ages of experience as a school principal. The NGO has two subdivisions viz. the Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram and Sahaja Yoga Health and Research Centre. The Ashram spreads over 10,120 square metres. The edifice is teeming with exuberant green gardens and pools, therefore one is ever in nature s lap. The garden has many trees, shrubs and flowers. Therefore one feels wholly in melody with Mother Nature throughout the twelvemonth. Building of ashram encompasses four good furnished large halls, good equipped kitchen, dining hall, physician s room, two invitees suites, computing machine room, a little beauty parlor, and library. A adult female, being the female parent, is the Godhead and refinisher of all world. However, I n our society the figure of needy, abandoned adult females and misss is highly big and this is the most incapacitated subdivision of the society. The chief push of Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram has been to work for this suffering subdivision of society by supplying them shelter, doing them capable to get accomplishment sets through vocational preparation for sustained life and therefore assisting them to incorporate into society. Get downing its work in 2003 in Greater NOIDA metropolis of Uttar Pradesh, Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram is founded with the vision have pure maternally love for every homo, every animate being, and the whole Earth. Develop interior balance and peace ; be corporate, tolerant and respectful to everyone. This NGO has provided shelter to 54 misss who have been unfortunate to lose their parents at a really immature age. Girls with individual parent are besides provided shelter under extraordinary fortunes when that individual parent is non capable of supplying a good environment because of unfortunate such as being physically challenged or unwellness. The age group of kids varies from the really immature to striplings. The 2nd subdivision Sahaja Yoga Health and Research Centre was started in the twelvemonth 2011 with the impression to supply free wellness attention installations to the occupants of ashram and out-of-door patients. The Health Centre is situated in picturesque, green milieus and is a alone Health Centre of its sort in the universe. At the Health Centre intervention for diseases is done by vibratory consciousness, developed through Sahaja Yoga speculation. Since its origin, the wellness Centre is has witnessed an increasing figure of patients and has attracted many abroad visitants and many Indians. Cases of Hypertension, Bronchial Asthma, Diabetes, Migraine, Epilepsy, Depression and Cancer have been cured at the Health Centre. Entree to instruction for the hard-to-reach kids The Formal Education System Government enterprises to reform the educational service sector by concentrating on teaching method and instruction and preparation procedures as a agency of increasing quality of instruction have non been equal to convey about an effectual and transmutation in the quality of instruction. The thought of the NGO was conceived by Mata Nirmala Devi, which is developing schemes for educational inclusion of orphans and offering aid to destitute adult females. The Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram started with the impression to set kids in formal schooling system. The VNPA has developed and introduced systematic and advanced pedagogic attacks like multi degree instruction, kid centered instruction, development of cognitive and non cognitive accomplishments among kids and integrated acquisition. The misss of ashram are sent to go to nearby English medium schools. In campus computing machine coaching is provided to the occupants. The chief ground behind the formal schooling is that the misss would be associated with positive images of a more professionally developed, and regulated system. This would assist girls to happen occupations in formal sector and would hold a sustained and unafraid hereafter. As per the information provided by Mrs. Gisela Matzer ( Oma ) , the pull offing manager, two of the misss of ashram are prosecuting their calling in hotel direction. Girls are assisted in their prep by professional instructors and they have particular tuition categories for pupils every bit good. Depending upon the involvements and endowments they are trained in assorted art signifiers and skill sets from immature age. Fiscal aid and other aids are provided to the grown-up misss for their higher surveies. These are provided with needed support to happen suited occupations and many are besides helped in marriage based upon their will. In marital instances, the Sahaj Yogis are preferred and there is a system of proper checking of backgrounds in such state of affairss. In few instances individuals outside their community are allowed to get married adult females or misss of ashram. Vocational Training The Non formal Education System Merely reading and authorship accomplishments are non sufficient for kids, they should be equipped with life accomplishments as a mean for their sustained hereafter. There must be commissariats for development of cognitive and non cognitive accomplishments. The course of study and learning methodological analysiss should be pertinent and meaningful for the life state of affairss of underprivileged. To run into out such outlooks, invention and quality betterment is demanded in the countries of instruction. NGO proviso frequently intends to convey benefits in footings of the alternate signifiers of teaching method and answerability it aims to offer is trough non formal instruction system. Non formal educational system may be defined as any systematic and organized educational activity, different from formal schooling system, used to supply selected types of acquisition and accomplishments to peculiar subgroups of the population, grownups every bit good as kids. Non formal instructi on includes preparations in the countries like agriculture and occupational accomplishments, grownup literacy programmes and assorted community programmes of direction in wellness, household planning and the similar. In this respect Vishwa Nirmal Prem Ashram along with formal schooling to its kids is aimed at supplying developing in assorted non mainstream classs like music, picture, cookery, embellishment tailoring, manner designing, beauty attention, handcrafts, and Indian classical/folk dance. These preparation are carried out with the chief focal point on fiting the occupants with employability accomplishments and developing occupants to be stockholders of the turning society. Besides the non formal instruction is a cutoff and cost effectual manner of supplying basic instruction. These non mainstream preparations besides are the fund elevation activities for the organisation by selling art and trade points. Seminars, Excursions and other activities To do them experience as an built-in portion of the society, the occupants of NGO are involved in assorted plans and festivals inside and outside the Ashram. All the festivals like Holi, Diwali, Christmas, and Raksha Bandhan are celebrated by the household members of Ashram. These misss are besides appreciated by the community and the society members for their engagement in assorted cultural activities. Sahaja Yoga seminars and programmes are attended by the occupants across India. NGO Involvement in Health Research and Development In ashram every new entrant has to undergo extended medical medical examination in order to guarantee that she is non enduring from catching diseases. Every occupant has to do a wellness medical examination on regular footing. For minor unwellness of occupants in house medical installations are at that place. In instance of unremitting complaints the misss are resident ladies are taken to nearby infirmaries in Greater Noida, NOIDA or Delhi. As per the information provided by the Executive Director, Mrs. Gisela Matzer, some infirmaries provide free beds to the patients of NGO whereas other disbursals like medical specialty etc. are to be borne by the ashram itself. Time to clip dental cantonments and wellness medical examination cantonments are organized with the aid of medical bureaus. Since the occupants of the Ashram come from really down life state of affairss, the interior strength and peace is indispensable. Yoga, speculation and other accomplishments are taught to adult females and misss that help them flog injury and hence have inner balance and peace. These patterns are based on the rules of Sahaj Yoga speculation to accomplish the highest province of consciousness. This gives them a feeling of being loved and respected and besides gives them a feeling of societal security. Because of her empathy and concern to relieve human tortures, Shri Mataji has created a Health and Research Centre in the premises of ashram to work out the most urgent jobs of the society like wellness and besides to assist them go better persons through the procedure of Sahaj Yoga. Decision While entree to province schooling has grown in many states in recent old ages, a hardcore of marginalised kids continue to be excluded from this. The aims to include these marginalized kids into mainstream to some extent are realized by NGOs. The enterprises put in by The Vishwa Nirmala Prem Ashram to derive entree to the primary instruction are deserving appreciating. The influences engendered by the NGO can be summarized as follows: Teaching, steering, reding and fostering kids to do them responsible and productive citizens of India. For a sustained and unafraid hereafter and to be a portion of mainstream fiting these kids with life accomplishments by supplying and helping with instruction and preparation. Sponsorship for school fees and higher proficient instruction as the instance may be. Supplying safe oasis for those kids and adult females who are stateless and kids who are unfortunate non holding parents. To supply health care installations for orphan and impoverished adult females with the aid of in house physicians every bit good as multispecialty infirmaries. By set uping undertakings and activities that generate income for the misss and adult females of the ashram. Helping grownup misss in marriage if these misss wish to. Helping adult females and big misss of the ashram in occupations and arrangement activities for subsistence. Helping occupants to get by up with the quandary of life through speculation utilizing rule of Sahaj Yoga and therefore giving a positive and thoughtful attack towards life. In the visible radiation of these points, it may be concluded that unless NGOs make important part in the publicity and execution of scientific, advanced and culturally suited attacks to better the conditions of underprivileged in the Fieldss of wellness attention and instruction, their best attempts may non turn out sufficient for stoping assorted jobs faced by this subdivision of society. The function of NGOs in sensitising underprivileged and do them demand their entitlements for basic rights is really important. Table 1: Regulating Body of NGO Name Appellation Chairperson Sir C.P. Srivastava Secretary Prof. Kiran Walia Treasurer Mr. V.A.Deopujari Executive Director Mrs. Gisela Matzer Member Mrs. Sadhana Varma Member Mrs. Vineeta Shanker Member Mrs. Neeta Rai Member Mrs. Malini Khanna Member Mrs. Malti Prasad Member Ms Darshi Gurdarshan Table 2: The nucleus activities of the NGO Surveyed Name of the Administration Vishwa Nirmala Prem Ashram Location Greater NOIDA The Model A rehabilitation of impoverished adult females and orphan kids

Foodborne Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Foodborne Disease - Essay Example The means from the two groups were examined and a t-test was performed in order to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between their food safety knowledge. It was determined that there was a difference in food safety knowledge between the two groups and researchers recommended that a food safety educational program be administered to employees in order to reduce the incidence of food borne illness. In addition, it was recommended that this group be tracked for further incidences of outbreaks in order to determine the efficacy of that food safety program. 100 employees at the Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, contracted food borne illnesses in 5 consecutive years. It was determined that an investigation into food safety handling knowledge of employees would be beneficial in determining whether or not an educational program needed to be administered. 2 Two groups of participants were recruited, those with food safety education that occurred less than 10 years ago and those that had education longer than 10 years ago or no education at all. These participants were then administered a food safety test and test results were rated on a percentage basis. The means from the two groups were examined and a t-test was performed in order to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between their food safety knowledge. 2 In an examination of disease dissemination at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 4, it was discovered that 100 employees contracted food borne illnesses in a period of 5 years. It was deemed this investigator that this number of outbreaks was considered problematic and that inadequate food safety practices among employees were the likely culprit. Food safety practices are usually taught by health care practitioners, dieticians and through media outlets that attempt to inform consumers, food handlers and at risk population’s

The problems of advertising unhealthful products to children and Essay

The problems of advertising unhealthful products to children and teens, and propose a solution - Essay Example This paper analyses the problems associated with unhealthy advertising to children and teens and proposes certain solutions to avoid it. Tobacco companies exploit the hero worshipping attitudes of younger generation cleverly with the help of beautiful ads and children and teens become the victims of such misleading ads. Lung cancer, heart diseases, asthma, cough etc are often caused by smoking. Instead of revealing these health problems of smoking, tobacco companies in their advertisements describe smoking as a pleasant act which gives immense satisfaction and pleasure to the smoker. Majority of the tobacco companies have celebrities as their brand ambassador. For example, film stars are often utilized by tobacco companies for advertising their cigarettes. The mannerisms and the body languages of the film stars in the tobacco advertisements will encourage the hero worshipping teen generation to imitate their heartthrobs blindly. Children and teens have the inherited trait to imitate others. They learn life lessons from parents, teachers and celebrities. They are not much aware of the consequences of smoking. Only thi ng they know is that their hero is smoking and therefore they can also smoke. Alcoholism is another problem associated with unhealthy advertisements. As in the case of smoking, liquor manufacturers also advertise their products as safe to use. It should be noted that alcoholism can create more problems to the teenage community than adult people. Children during their physical and mental developmental stages need nutritious food and a healthy lifestyle. However, liquor manufacturers encourage younger generation to start drinking habits as early as possible with the help of misleading advertisements. â€Å"Alcohol advertisements often portray alcohol as enhancing economic success, fun, attractiveness to the opposite sex, athletic skill, and social popularity† (Alcohol Advertising

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Assignment Example This process of accommodation is known as Homeostasis. All living things respond to a stimulus that is a given force or energy form. This energy is formed though a combination of sunlight and chemical energy. The whole process involves chemical energy that in turn lead to certain reactions. This can be related or human body can be used as specimen. As man continues with his struggle of maintaining diet, vitamins have remained one of the darlings that he always seeks. The scientists have considered vitamins as having relatively equal importance, to that of carbohydrates and proteins, in maintaining the life of man. Its importance led the scientist into studying deeply what the vitamins may comprise. This leads to the categorization of the vitamins into types depending on how they contribute to the life of man. Among the categories included vitamin c also known as ascorbic acid. The characteristics of the ascorbic acid, as a compound, contribute to its uses in the life of man. Some of the known characteristics include less stable, soluble in water, only slightly stable in acids and presence potent. Human or nature contributes to the sources of the ascorbic acid in the daily life activities. ... The following is the structure of vitamin C Ascorbic acid/isoascorbic acid exists on earth as radicals at a physiological ph. As indicated in the structure, the ascorbic acid has unpaired electrons contribute by the C atom. The differences between the two radicals occur when there is application of the electron spin technique. The compound radical forms a cyclic structure composed of hydrogen bonds between the carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, and carbon atom to HO (Kastner, 2). The hydrogen bonds surround the sodium ion in ascorbyl radical while in isoascorbyl the bonds surround the potassium ion. Both of the radicals are electroneutral especially when considering the reasoning that they comprise sodium and potassium. The presence of glutathione normally triggers the action, which alters the electronic configuration of the carbon atom back to its original value of 4 (Biophys, 207). This together with the electroneutral properties allows for the transportation through of sodium and the potassium ion through the membrane. The optimum temperature for the function of the radicals is approximately 370C while it has a neutral ph at around 7. The temperature and the ph features always occur at the physiological values. Considering the physiological conditions, there is the presence of the specific enzyme systems, which helps in maintaining the stability of balance between the two radicals (ASC and Iso-ASC) and their corresponding semi- and fully oxidized states (Biophys, 207). The balance of these two (forming the mechanism of complex redox) helps in ensuring that there are suitable physiological conditions. The unbalance between the two may form a platform for the occurrence of many diseases. Uses and application They

Control on Remote Sensing Network Using Cloud Computing

Control on Remote Sensing Network Using Cloud Computing CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The system requirements usually specify the needs of the system to accomplish the project successfully and the requirements can be classified as software and hardware requirements and hence the requirement specification of this project is as mentioned below. 3.1 Software Requirements Express PCB and express schematic Keil micro-vision 3 real view IDE Flash utility software for programming Embedded C JDK Visual studio 2010 Windows XP Hardware Requirements Microcontrollers ARM 7 ZigBee Modules Temperature, humidity, motion sensors LCD Display Power supply 12V i.e. 1A Relays 3.3 Functional requirements The functional requirements can be defined as the services that a developed system will provide to the user Administrative functions An individual sensor node will check the availability, Else the status of the devices will be 0, if availability is present, then the data is forwarded to the monitoring station Then the device status can be seen and control measures can be taken, to save the power and utilize it in an efficient way. Authorization levels The authorized user of the cloud drop box can access the data in the cloud to know the status of the house hold equipments. 3.4 Non-functional requirements Non functional requirements define the frame work within which the system should work. Scalability The controlling and monitoring of the devices can be extended to, many other devices apart from house hold equipments, like vehicles and security systems etc. Availability The availability of the devices purely works on the internet connection i.e. one can know the status of the devices in the house with the availability of the internet. 3.5 Technologies Used A. Cloud computing technology Cloud computing is a technology that is upgrading day by day and today many of the technologies have their own architecture so does the cloud also as the own architecture and the cloud also as its distinguishing features and the properties that make the cloud unique which are discussed below briefly. Figure 3.1: Cloud Architecture Cloud can majorly be classified into three levels of service models the first level is the SaaS (software as a service) and the work of this layer is to provide the user with the opportunity to make use of the applications which are running on the infrastructure of the cloud and the second layer of the cloud is the Platform as a Service (PaaS) the work of this layer is to provide the user with the opportunity to deploy the applications which are created or acquired by the user and the third layer of the cloud is infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and the work of this layer is to provide the user with the opportunity to run and deploy arbitrary software on to cloud and these three layers are different for the users since the functions and services provided by these layers are different. But for the technical staff these three layers are not different and they are dependent on each other and hence for e.g.: consider SaaS needs the Paas layer to provide platform for the deployment of the services or the services can be directly deployed on to the IaaS layer, and the IaaS layer services and products are also built up using the services provided by the Paas layer hence cloud layers are inter dependent on each other in technical perspective view. The other important part of the cloud computing is the management of the system in cloud and the objective of this management is to run the cloud securely and maintain stability in the cloud environment, unfortunately many of the users are unaware of the management of system in cloud and this management is the base for the well functioning of the cloud and hence good services can be provided with proper system management and these management of system helps in the aspects of maintaining the services and operations involved in the cloud. Figure 3.2: Cloud Management Framework In the present scenario of the internet environment the layer is as mentioned above in the diagram 3.2 and for the maintenance of the devices with remote control in cloud environment the developer need to select the proper services in the cloud to satisfy the requirement of the customer and SaaS is one of the most suitable and earliest services provided in the cloud and using these service the user can directly connect to the cloud and with the help of browser we can directly run the application residing on the cloud and advantage of these service is that the service provider is responsible for the maintenance of the services weather it is hardware or software and is charged as per usage or free of cost. Neither the developer nor the user needs to worry about the upgrades, installations, attacks etc. And more importantly one need worry about the initial investments and license approvals. The present scenario in the cloud is that some providers are giving customized clouds to the companies, for the user the cloud is always free but the companies need to build their own cloud computing services for e.g.: FeiBit corporation as launched a cloud recently and meets almost all requirements of its customers. B. ZigBee wireless sensor network The name ZigBee was given to the device because of observing the procedure of bees flying and the dance of the bees was in the shape of Z and the bees are very small and hence the amount of energy that is needed to transfer the pollen is also less keeping this features in mind they named the device as ZigBee as it has features like less consumption of energy, low price, small size but works very efficiently and its IEEE standards is 802.15.4 and it creates the wireless personal area network for the communication purpose. When the IEEE standard was given the agreement was also made which is divided into two parts and hence according to the agreement the 804.15.4 will define the two layer one is the physical layer and the other I the MAC (media access control ) layer and the ZigBee alliance will define the specifications for the network, security and application layer and later the ZigBee stack also was defined that helps in communication and these was defined by individual layers protocol which was grouped together to which it gives the user API and this can be used to coordinate among many of the sensors for the purpose of communication and can also send data form one sensor to another and hence the energy consumed is very less in this process and communication efficiency is very high and hence due to this the remote controlled equipment can be controlled and monitored efficiently. Figure 3.3: Composition of ZigBee The ZigBee as the capability of the self organizing networks for proving this scenario take the e.g.: as follows where the group of paratroopers in which each group member as the ZigBee devices with them and then they land on ground they can connect each other in the forest if they have landed with the range in which the ZigBee devices can communicate and moreover the module can identify the device and contact the person and hence this is the special property of the ZigBee where clearly we can find the property of self organization. We can also use ZigBee in the industry but cannot always guarantee the usage of channels which are unblocked, like the lights in city streets, car accident, etc. the emergence of road traffic is interrupted due to accident, likewise with the usage of channels in industry and hence self organization of the network is very important because of the errors that may occur during the transmission of the data. The paths are not always set for sending the data and hence one as to find the path that is best and short and send the data in that path in the network, but if the desired path is blocked due to traffic then the data needs to sent in the other path so that it reaches the destination correctly and here in ZigBee the so called dynamic routing for data transmission is used for the sending of the data in the network. The ZigBee works with using the technology called the DSSS (direct-sequence spread spectrum) underlying which is the non beacon mode and the ZigBee network can be expanded that is scalable, within one second or even in less time the node joins the network and rejoins the network again and starts the transmission and hence this is very less rime when compared to Bluetooth which takes around three seconds and ZigBee has high reliability in networks and it supports multicast and broadcast applications and the ZigBee is one of the major network in today’s communication technology and also its importance is increasing day by day due to its distinctive application in many fields like health, sports etc. Figure 3.4: ZigBee wireless sensor Network The access to the cloud computing platform is free of cost and hence through this platform the developer can use ZigBee wireless sensor technology via the gateway through which it is connected to the internet and from there the information reaches the cloud through GPRS and the cloud here provides the real time accessing and monitoring of the data that is acquired through the sensors data socket communication and this real rime monitoring depends only upon the internet or network environment, without increasing delay time. And the cloud platform today supports the latest technology like html5 technology and hence this is a boon to many of the companies and customers and life is much simpler and easier with the upgrading technology. CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM DESIGN System design specifies the flow chart, block diagram, which gives the outlay for the system and also helps in the constructing the project and implementing it so that the desired output can be obtained. 4.1 Generalized Block Diagram The below figure 4.1 explains the overall block diagram of the work done, Figure 4.1: System Design of Home Automation 4.1.1 Operation involved The operations involved here consists of mainly two modules one is the transmitter and the other is the receiver and the transmitter has many sensors connected to it which include light intensity, temperature, motion detection sensors etc. here the data acquired by the sensors are uploaded to the transmitter through which the data is remotely passed to the receiver and from heir the data is uploaded to the cloud in serial form and the data in the cloud is displayed using the ASCII format and this data can be stored in the cloud drop box and the data in the cloud can be seen anywhere but the internet connection is mandatory and there is a graphical user interface that is been developed using the visual basic/dot net and through that also we can see the output when the server is turned on. 4.1.2 Cloud Data Base Center The design of the cloud data base centre is as shown below, Figure 4.2: Design of Cloud Database Center The cloud stores the data that it received from the network and the received data can be retrieved back from anywhere and the status of the devices can be known and the required actions can be taken. In the above diagram 4.2 we can see the cloud data base centre where the data base centre and the web server are connected together by the HTTP and the web server as the apache connected to the internet and the web server is also connected to the client browser where the client can access the data and hence the procedure of how the data base centre of cloud is designed. 4.1.3 Functioning of the System The control command from the server in the Cloud are first sent to the home gateway through TCP/IP protocol and then transmitted to the appliance with ZigBee wireless communication. The home gateway is a server which is used to receive the user command from the far-end place on the Internet, and to transmit the status as well as the power consumption information of appliances back to the database server. The gateway will then transmit the received commands to a ZigBee transceiver through the universal asynchronous transmitter and receiver (UART) interface With the proposed structure, authorized users or the system manager can log into the web server which will be in connection with the database, and devices in the house can be remotely monitored and also the power can be utilized without any wastage. Overall Block Diagram: The block diagram is as shown below which gives the description of the entire work carried out, Figure 4.3: Overall System Design of Home Automation with Monitoring Station The Above Figure (4.3) works in the same as described in the Functioning of the System, this is the method in which the devices in the house can be remotely accessed and controlled over the internet, in the other phase the world is facing the shortage of energy in terms of oil, water etc. and hence how to make use of the resources is one of the big challenge, hence this proposed system helps in the utilization of the resources efficiently. 4.1.4 Block Representation of the Diagram The below figure 4.4 represents the block representation of the diagram of the system design Figure 4.4: Overall Block Representation of the system where one recognizes the relays, sensors, alarms for motion detection are connected together to Microcontroller and the microcontroller is connected to the ADC (analog to digital conversion) where the data from analog form are converted to the digital form and the data obtained after conversion are sent to the ARM 7 board where the data is been transferred and also received through the ZigBee where the received data is stored in the cloud and the data can been seen the cloud with the help of PC. Hence from these design we can see the overall working blueprint of the system which also recognizes to be one of new technology with the combination of both hardware and software and hence this technology is one of the upgrading and ever growing technology in the field of internet of things (IoT). 4.1.5 Data Flow Diagram of the System Figure 4.5: Data Flow Diagram of the System The data flow diagram is as shown above in figure 4.5, that consists of two boards, and there are one ZigBees attached to each of the boards, the 8051 board has different sensors attached to it which will monitor the devices in the house and this status is fetched by the ZigBee and transferred wirelessly to the ARM 7 boards ZigBee and then the GPRS which is connected to the cloud uploads the data , by the information obtained through ZigBee and the data can be viewed by the end user and hence the status of the devices data obtained are visible on the LCD screen attached to both the boards. 4.1.6 Flow Chart Representation of the System The below figure 4.6 gives the complete description of the working of the system represented in terms of flow chart and the flow chart represents mainly the activity in the control center i.e. in cloud network, first the system is started and then initialization of the system is done then the network is built that is establishing the connection with server and then the system is in standby mode and then if the interrupt is received by the user to join the network, if no connection is present then the connection is again reestablished and if the connection is established then the status of the devices is noted and the end devices are controlled if it is not possible to control the connection is again restarted and checked. Hence the working of the system is represented in the terms of flow chart and this system is considered to be one of the advanced technology through which the devices in the house can be controlled and monitored through cloud. N Y N Figure 4.6: Flow Chart of the working of the system 4.1.7 Picture of the 8051 and ARM 7 Boards In the below two pictures we can see the pictures of the 8051 and ARM 7 circuit boards, The picture 4.7 below represents the 8051 micro controller board, Figure 4.7: Snapshot of MC 8051 That is connected to different sensors like light, temperature etc. And also to ZigBee and hence this board represents the home and the devices that can be controlled and monitored using the cloud. In the picture 4.8 below, we can see the ARM 7 board Figure 4.8: Snapshot of ARM 7 That is connected to ZigBee for the purpose of communication with the devices in the house, the GPRS module for the purpose of uploading the data to the cloud and the LCD screen for the display of the information and all these are connected to the ARM 7 board. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] â€Å"IOT’s Gateways: Bridging Wireless Sensors Networks into Internet of Things† Qian Zhu, Ruicong Wang, Qi Chen, Yan Liuand Weijun Qin 2010 IEEE [2] â€Å"A Security Aspect in Cloud Computing† by Gurudatt Kulkarni Jayanth Gambir Teiswini Patil Amruta Dongare  ©2012 IEEE [3] † Technologies and Protocols for Data Centers and Cloud Networkings† by Nabil Bitar, Steven Gringeri, and Tiejun J. Xia, Verizon Laboratories © 2013 IEEE. [4] â€Å"Dynamic merging of ZigBee’s Homes Networks into Home Gateways Using OSGi’s Services Registry’s† by Young-Guk Ha ©2009 IEEE. [5] â€Å"ZigBee source route technology in home application â€Å"by Yao-Ting Wu in 2008 IEEE. [6] â€Å"Research of ZigBee’s data securities and protections† by Li Chunqing1, Zhang Jiancheng, 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications © 2009 IEEE. [7] â€Å"ZigBee and UPnP Expansion for Home Electrical Appliance Control on Internet† by Kuk-Se Kim, Chanmo Park ,Kyung-SikSeo, Il-Yong Chung, Joon Lee2007 ICACT2007. [8] â€Å"ZigBee’s Wireless Sensors Applications for Health, Wellness and Fitness† by ZigBee’s Alliances © 2009 ZigBee Alliance. [9] â€Å"Z-Phone: Implementation Design and of Embedded Voice over ZigBee Applications† by A.Meliones and E. Touloupis. [10] † Bluetooth based homes automation systems using cell phones† by R.Piyare, M.Tazil2011 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics.

Reach Out and Touch †Maxine Tynes Essay

1. Each woman on the bus reacts to the child’s actions differently. The  narrator reacts by smiling at the children because she knows that this is neither the first nor the last time this will happen, while the mother of the children reacts by slapping their hands to make them stop touching the woman. 2. A theme statement expressing my interpretation of the main idea in this  poem would be: Children are those who don’t understand the differences between people and in order to accept them, they not only have to see, but also â€Å"to reach out and touch†. An example supporting my statement is â€Å"and touch the curly electric of my hair your fingers dipped in the brown skin magic of my neck to see if it comes off†. Look more: first poem for you  essay 3. The tone and mood of the poem are mysterious at the beginning when it is not clear what is really going on, but kind of uncomfortable at the end when the reader identifies what the children had done and how they have made their mother feel embarrassed from their actions. Maxine Tynes uses imagery, comparison and connotation (â€Å"dipped in the brown skin magic†) to convey this mood and tone. 4. Irony surrounds the â€Å"motherlove† in this poem because a mother’s love means to caress her children with love and affection instead of teaching them morals especially in public places. However, in the poem the mother slaps her kids when she sees them touching the black woman.

Needs in Different Life Stages Essay

NEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES! Human Needs Needs: lack of something that is required or desired Needs exist from birth to death Needs influence our behavior Needs have a priority status Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs( levels of need) Meeting Needs Motivation to act when needs felt Sense of satisfaction when needs met Sense of frustration when needs not met Several needs can be felt at the same time Different needs can have different levels of intensity Altered PhysiologicalNeeds Health care workers need to be aware of how illness interferes with meeting physiological needs Surgery or laboratory testing Anxiety Medications Loss of vision or hearing Altered PhysiologicalNeeds (continued) Decreased sense of smell and taste Deterioration of muscles and joints Change in person’s behavior What the health care worker can do to assist the patient with altered needs Summary Be aware of own needs and patient’s needs More efficient and quality care can be provided when know needs and understand motivations Better understanding of our behavior and that of others Summary Recognise that we are all different. Help them to help themselves and become more independent. Everyone has a choice Treat individuals with respect and dignity. Protect vulnerable individuals Different professionals are involved in care formal and informal care provision Summary Our five life stages are the early years, school age, young people in transition (from school to adult life), adults of working age, and older people. For each life stage we have identified the outcomes that everyone would want for themselves at that stage in life.

Cognitive Coaching Essay Example

Cognitive Coaching Essay Example Cognitive Coaching Essay Cognitive Coaching Essay The Effects of Cognitive Coaching on Education and in Supporting Teacher Leadership Creating a profession of instruction in which instructors have the chance for continual acquisition is the likeliest manner to animate greater accomplishment for kids. particularly those for whom instruction is the lone tract to survival and success ( Sumner. 2011. p. 10 ) . Educators today are required to hold a different set of accomplishments to efficaciously fix pupils to be planetary rivals in the workplace. Educators can non do these changes in learning methodological analysis and instructional bringing without support. Coaches support and encourage instructors. better instructor schemes. advance teacher contemplation. and concentrate on coveted results ( Sumner. 2011 ) . A cardinal ingredient for bettering pupil accomplishment is high quality leading. Although leading accomplishments may come of course for some. most pedagogues need some signifier of pattern and training to go high quality leaders ( Patti A ; Holzer. 2012 ) . What is Cognitive Coaching? Cognitive coaching is a relationship that is learner-centered. where the individual being coached is an active participant in their acquisition procedure. The manager is responsible for making an environment that is sensitive to the participant’s demands. supplying ample chance for self-reflection which enables the participant to larn from their ain alone experiences. Garmston ( 1993 ) stated: Cognitive Coaching is a procedure during which instructors explore the thought behind their patterns. Each individual seems to keep a cognitive map. merely partly witting. In Cognitive Coaching. inquiries asked by the manager reveal to the instructor countries of that map that may non be complete or consciously developed. When instructors talk out loud about their thought. their determinations become clearer to them. and their consciousness additions ( p. 57 ) . The relationship that evolves through cognitive coaching is based on a journey of self-discovery for both the manager and the coached person. The manager is every bit responsible for reflecting and larning from their ain experiences in an attempt to supplying the best counsel to the coached person throughout their coaching relationship. If wise mans are to ease acquisition of their mentees. they can outdo Begin by being in touch with the forces in their ain lives ( Zachary. 2000 ) . The acquisition that takes topographic point in phases is the focal point of cognitive coaching. Cognitive coaching uses a three-phase rhythm: pre-conference. observation. and post-conference. These rhythms are used for the exclusive intent of assisting the instructor better instructional effectivity by going more brooding about learning ( Garmston. 1993 ) . Cognitive Coaching asserts that instructional behaviour is a contemplation of beliefs ; instructors must analyse and alter their beliefs in order to alter their behaviours. Coaches ask instructors to reflect on their beliefs about the schoolroom to ease devising alterations or betterments ( Patti A ; Holzer. 2012 ) . Cognitive Coaching in Education The most valuable plus in the instruction profession is its human capital – instructors and decision makers. Unfortunately. these professionals are typically given limited chances throughout their calling to heighten their cognition and accomplishments enabling them to be more effectual instructors and leaders. Newly hired recruits into the profession normally receive training for a few months during their first twelvemonth of employment. but the bulk will derive experience through their ain test and mistake. Harmonizing to Patti A ; Holzer ( 2012 ) : Professional development chances for instructors and decision makers who function in a leading capacity are frequently excessively scarce or narrow in focal point to cultivate lasting and effectual betterment. Most school systems on a regular basis provide teacher pedagogues with merely two or three yearss per twelvemonth of professional development. typically aimed at bettering literacy and mathematics tonss. Effective professional development happens when the grownup scholar connects personally to the new acquisition. When pedagogues participate in brooding patterns that cultivate self-awareness. emotion direction. societal consciousness. and relationship direction. they are in a better place to present high quality direction and leading ( p. 264 ) . The instruction profession can profit from implementing cognitive coaching as a manner of assisting instructors and decision makers expand their professional development through self-observation. self-reflection. and self-feedback. An analysis of the findings from these factors will assist the professional to go cognizant of their ain self-imposed restrictions. In instruction. coaching has traditionally supported instructors in the acquisition of cognition. accomplishments and abilities that target pupil accomplishment ( Patti A ; Holzer. 2012 ) . The effects of cognitive coaching on instructor efficaciousness has been positively correlated to increased pupil public presentation. Sumner ( 2011 ) offers: Coaching is a cardinal method for assisting instructors better pupil accomplishment and school civilization. Much of this possible school betterment comes from educating instructors in how to be brooding about their pattern and in larning how to set up an equal relationship based on common desire to better. Possibly most significantly. ?a civilization of training improves learning and improves pupil acquisition ( p. 47 ) . While the ultimate end of cognitive coaching is to assist further alteration in the thought forms and behaviours of the coached single – the terminal consequence of this enterprise is improved pupil public presentation. Professional development can merely work if it is focused on both pupil and instructor acquisition and a civilization of support for and valuing of choice staff development is present ( Sumner. 2011 ) . Cognitive Coaching Supporting Teacher Leadership Cognitive coaching allows instructors to take ownership of their professional development by promoting them to be accountable of their cognitive acquisition procedure. The self-reflection that is involved in cognitive coaching coupled with professional vision enables instructors to go a accelerator of alteration both in the schoolroom and beyond. Patti A ; Holzer ( 2012 ) stated: The coaching relationship provides a safe oasis for aware attending to self-change in the countries of self-awareness. self-management. societal consciousness. and relationship direction. It is through this single procedure that the instructor and administrative leader positively impact the civilization and clime of the schoolroom and school ( p. 270 ) . Every instructor has the capablenesss to better their cognition and accomplishment and cognitive coaching affords the chance of geographic expedition into one’s ego. disputing old beliefs and wonts. emerging a better. stronger leader. Leadership is non mobilising others to work out jobs we already cognize how to work out. but to assist them face jobs that have neer yet been successfully addressed ( Fullan. 2007 ) . The contemplation learned through cognitive coaching helps develop problem-solving accomplishments as instructors examine their experience. generate options. and evaluate actions. Educators need to pattern hazard taking. open-mindedness. and uninterrupted larning to make schools that are communities of scholars ( Garmston. 1993 ) . Conclusion Effective leaders work on their ain and others’ emotional development. There is no greater accomplishment needed for sustainable improvement ( Fullan. 2007 ) . Cognitive coaching enables pedagogues to develop undiscovered potency. while spread outing their repertory of learning methodological analysiss. The execution of cognitive coaching additions pupil accomplishment and instructor efficaciousness. bring forth higher order teacher thought. and provides teacher support ( Sumner. 2011 ) . Great schools grow when pedagogues understand that the power of their leading lies in the strength of their relationships. Strong leading in schools consequences from the engagement of many people. each taking in his or her ain manner ( Donaldson. 2007 ) . Cognitive coaching is the key to educators’ unlocking their interior power to deeply impact students’ acquisition.

Explain why Hindus might feel that many different gods and goddesses E

Explain why Hindus might feel that many different gods and goddesses E Explain why Hindus might feel that many different gods and goddesses Leana Parham Module 6 writing #3 Andre Key Question: Explain why Hindus might feel that many different gods and goddesses are necessary to provide different symbolic lenses for them to think about ultimate reality. "There can be as many Hindu Gods as there are devotees to suit the moods, feelings, emotions and social backgrounds of the devotees." So in some ways Hinduism is a polytheistic religion. There is an exceedingly wide variety of gods to choose from to worship with statues and symbols to pay homage before. If one wants to pray for acquiring knowledge and understanding, he would pray to the god, Sarasati, for example. One might pray to the god, Moksha, to obtain God's grace. Many Hindus worship their own village god or goddess. However, to say that Hinduism is a polytheistic religion with an unknown and unnamed number of Gods would be incorrect. Many Hindus view the religion as a monotheistic religion with only one Supreme Being who is formless and impersonal. All other gods and goddesses are simply facets of this one God. This Supreme Being is viewed as the god of all other religions and equal to all existence or the ultimate reality. In the Hindu faith, there is a trinity as in the Christian faith, where God is in three persons: Brahma: is the creator of all reality, Vishnu or Krishna is the preserver of all of the creations, and Shiva is the destroyer. There are some major divisions in the Hindu faith. Many see Brahman as the ultimate deity. Others see Vishnu or Krishna as the Supreme Being and another sect see Shiva as their ultimate reality. Hinduism is a religion which does recognize a single supreme deity but is tolerant of all other religions and gods or goddesses as forms or manifestations of this one single deity or Supreme Being. Their philosophy is that, although they believe there is but one truth, there are different "Sages" or spiritual leaders who call the truth by different names. Besides these Gods and Goddesses there are a number of other Gods and Goddesses. To name a few of them, there is Ganesh; who has an elephant's head and he is also a son of Shiva and Parvati, Hanuman; who is an ape, Surya; Lord of sun, Ganga Ma; Goddess of river Ganges; Samundra; Lord of the sea, Indra; king of the Gods (but he isn't an important God), Prithvi; Goddess of earth, Shakti; Goddess of strength. The Hindus call their Goddesses 'Ma' meaning mother. Not all of these Gods are worshiped by all Hindus. Some Hindus worship only Vishnu. Others worship only Shiva. Others worship only the Goddesses and call these Goddesses collectively as Shakti meaning strength. Many of these Goddess worshipers worship Parvati in her images as Kali or Durga. People who worship Shiva or Vishnu also worship characters and images connected with these Gods. Vishnu worshipers (Vaishnaites) also worship his appearances. Shiva's worshipers (Shaivites) also worship images of bull called Nandi, who was Shiva's carrier and a unique stone design connected to Shiva. There are also Hindus who worship all the Gods. There are some Gods who are worshiped all over India like Rama and Krishna and other Gods who are worshiped more in one region than the other like Ganesh who is worshiped mainly in west India. Hindus also worship Gods according to their personal needs. People who engage in wrestling, body building and other physical sports worship Hanuman, who in Hindu legends was an ape with lot of physical strength. Businessmen worship Lakshmi, Goddess of wealth. Though these Hindus worship different idols, there are many Hindus who believe in one God and perceive in these different Gods and Goddesses as different images of the same one God. According to their beliefs idolatry is the wrong interpretation of Hinduism. Hindus believe in reincarnation. The basic belief is that a person's fate is determined according to his deeds. These deeds in Hinduism are called 'Karma'. A soul who does good Karma in this life will be awarded with a better life in the next incarnation. Souls who do bad Karma will be punished for their sins, if not

Implications of Social Media in Organizations Essay

Implications of Social Media in Organizations - Essay Example As the research findings all these factors contribute a lot towards defining the success of any organization. This is because, for any organization to succeed in the competitive world markets, it is necessary for such an organization to meet these diversities in cultures, beliefs, as well as races relevant to their interests on products alongside meeting their changes in attitudes and tastes. It is important to note that social media is available in several forms for the companies as well as organizations to chose from. The major host is the internet. There are a number of websites including Facebook, Twitter, and My Space amongst others, which greatly influence the organizational communication. As the paper discusses majority of the organizations nowadays employ the use of social media predominantly for communicating to their customers and to the general public for a number of reasons. These may involve the fact that social media hosts a large number of people, ranging to millions. The millions of users of such social media is a good representative indicator of success of any business organization since they always determine the customer base of such organizations. It is of critical significance to acknowledge the fact that social media is one of the increasing phenomena in the current society. Social media has a lot of influence in the organizations progress relevant to communication.

Be clear like water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Be clear like water - Essay Example What they see is not the real woman. This is similar with the second story, â€Å"Swaddling Clothes† whose title can be literally translated to mean â€Å"waste newspapers† (Xi, 112). Although the title may not be completely perfect, yet it ironically captures a main tension of the tale. With such a story the warm white flannel which is suggested by the English term is conflated with a dirty newspaper that wraps the first newborn baby (Howe, Irving and Illana, 89). In both stories the title is ironical. The character in the story â€Å"A Woman like Me† is barred by her job and destiny and every person around her fears her as she is very close to the dead. She is described as â€Å"pale hands†, â€Å"white cloth† and â€Å"natural look† (Xi, 102), all of which represent death. Nevertheless, her boyfriend likes that. Finally, the man disappears from her life. It can be said from this, that the man likes her but fears her job. It is ironical that in spite of her being a good woman, she is judged and left because of her job. It is ironical how she is judged by her appearance. In the second story, â€Å"Swaddling Clothes† irony is also shown through something being judged by its appearance. The baby who is in the dramatic birthing is seen throughout the story in series of tensions whereas the baby who is in clean flannel is contrasted with the bloodied paper wrappings that declares him trash, a piece of meat and a throw away life. The character in â€Å"A woman like Me† who is now in a relationship of her own is prepared for a similar fate as her aunt, and tells herself that a woman like her should not fall in love. In a scene, as she is sited in a coffee shop, waiting to take her boyfriend to her place of work, she sees her boyfriend crossing the street with a bouquet of flowers and she thinks to herself, â€Å"He does not know in my profession flowers mean goodbye† (Xi, 112). It is ironic that the woman does not

Measuresure of Organizational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Measuresure of Organizational Performance - Essay Example It is thus imperative that measures of organizational performance are incorporate into the hospital’s objectives to meet this anticipated increase in patients. Therefore, it is important that quality and effectiveness measures be taken into consideration. Ensuring that quality and effectiveness in service delivery is not compromised, will aid in making future projections of the number of inpatient and outpatient expected. This will help in strategic planning to determine the number of service facilities needed to accommodate patients and future anticipated profits. This measures will also aid predict demand and hence level of marketing e.g. advertising required. Therefore, using quality and effectiveness as measures of performance, the management can be able to determine number of staff required. For instance, the physicians working at Twin Rivers Community Hospital will have to be employed full time to attend to patients at the hospital. Either these measures will help management determine level of patient satisfaction and the level of competition from St Francis, which is major rival offering similar services with high performance percentages e.g. in cardiovascular

Sports textile Essay Example for Free

Sports textile Essay Sports textile is one of the branches of technical textiles. Now a day’s sophisticated technology are used in technical textile to produce sports wear. Hi-tech textiles in sport are 1 S. NO TOPIC PAGE NO 1 Introduction 2 2 Objective 3 3 Properties/Function required for sports wear 3 3. 1. Desirable attributes of functional sports and leisure wear 5 3. 2. Properties of sports textiles 6 4 Textile material and fabric structure for sports wear 7 4. 1. Development of fibers 7 4. 2. High-performance fibers 8 4. 3. Special fibers used 10 4. 4. Types of fabrics 11 4. 5. Layered fabrics 13 5 Market size for sports wear 14. 5. 1. The key impediments to the growth of sporttech product 15 6 Application/Uses of sportswear 16 7 Conclusion 16 8 Bibliography 17 nothing new. In twenty first century, clothing is an important issue for general consumer, active athletes and for those who practice sports just for fitness in their leisure time. The sports fabrics are generally ultra-breathable and have high heat and moisture management properties, light weight, fast drying properties and feature elasticity properties. These fabrics also have superior strength and durability. The latest sports textile materials are much more function for fulfilling  specific needs in different sports activities. The sports such are i. Winter sports ii. Summer sports iii. Outdoor games iv. Indoor games v. Football vi. Cricket vii. Climbing viii. Cycling ix. Flying and sailing sports x. Athletics xi. Other sports The people are paying more attention to sports activity and that the market for sportswear continues to expand. So the consumers seem to be prepared to spend considerable amounts of money on sportswear and other functional fabrics, which have made the market attractive to many producers. In sports, previously a traditionalapparel textilewas used. For that theplayer hasto face so many problems such as: i. Sweating – which stick the fabric with body ii. Feeling hot during run iii. Improper stretch ability iv. Extra weight of the fabric v. Give protection to body skin during fall on the ground vi. Inadequate fabric for fluid resistance for swimmer vii. Windproof, waterproof fabric for sailor 2 viii. Light weight shoe with proper strength air circulation ix. High tenacity resistance to abrasion for the skiwear uniform x. Improper gripping of the shoes during run etc. Therefore,technologyhastodevelopfortheaboveshortcomings. Andforthattheresearch activity took place; and the country who were in the foremost are: Japan, Sweden, Spain and United State. To bridge the gap and promote the partnership and collaboration between the stakeholders government-end users. 3. PROPERTIES/FUNCTIONS REQUIRED FOR SPORTSWEAR Many different aspects have to be considered when designing clothing for a particular sport. 1. The protection/safety functions to protect wearers from adverse weather (wind, rain and snow, etc). 2. The comfort function which gives wear comfort (thermo-physiological comfort, skin sensorial comfort, body movement comfort) to wearers, 3. The exercise function to assist positively improvement of athletic records and attainment of one’s target, 4. Aesthetic appeal and high fashion ability. In order to meet such requirements, waterproof/moisture permeable fabrics, perspiration absorbing/ fast drying fabrics, warmth retentive fabrics, stretchable fabrics, etc. have been developed. From sensitivity or aesthetics point of view softness, surface texture, handle, luster, colour comfort are important factors. 3 5. For active sportswear requires super lightweight, low fluid resistance, super high tenacity stretchablility. For those who are seeking comfort healthy pursuits critical features include thermal regulation, UV resistance, sweat absorption fast drying, vapour permeability. 6. Moisture management is one of the key performance criteria in todays apparel industry. It is defined as the ability of a garment to transport moisture away from the skin to the garments outer surface. This action prevents perspiration from remaining next to the skin. In hot conditions, trapped moisture may heat up and lead to fatigue or diminished performance. In cold conditions, trapped moisture will drop in temperature and cause chilling and hypothermia. Excess moisture may also cause the garment to become heavy, as well as cause damage to the skin from chafing. Table no. 1 Function of sports textiles. S. No Function Description 1. Heat transport performances The sport fabrics require to maintain body temperature during various sports activities. The heat transport properties of fabric make possible to feel the sportsman cooler in summer and warmer in winter. The fibrous material, bulk entrapped air within the fabric affects the heat transport properties of the sportswear. 2 Moisture transport performance By changing the cross sections of the fiber and by using special chemicals; fabrics are made which have high moisture transport properties. Such fabric keeps the body dry by keeping moisture away from body surface in vapor and/or liquid form. 3 Anti-static performances Sportswear fabrics have a very high electrical conductivity, so they can dissipate electrical charge. 4 4 Antimicrobial performances Keeping a normal level of bacteria on the skin offers a high level of comfort and personal hygiene, especially during athletic activities. 5 Ultraviolet protection Sports fabrics can remove UV-A and UV-B rays that are dangerous to the skin, and guarantees an improved level of defense compared to the majority general natural and man-made fibres. 3. 1. Desirable attributes of functional sports and leisurewear: a. Optimum heat and moisture regulation. b. Rapid moisture absorption and conveyance capacity. c. Good air and water permeability d. Prevention of a long term feeling of dampness. e. Low water absorption of the layer of clothing facing the skin. f. Quick drying fabric to prevent catching cold. g. Pleasant to skin, soft, non-abrasive and non-chafing. h. Dimensionally stable even when wet. i. Durable j. Lightweight k. Soft and pleasant touch l. Easy care m. Smart and functional design Table no: 2 Required functions on the main sportswear S. No. Sportswear Required Function 1. Shirts for tennis,volleyball, golf, football, rugby, base ball uniform, tracksuits etc. Sweat absorption, fast drying, cooling. 2. Skiwear, wind breakers, rain wear Vapor permeability, water proofing 3. Skiwear, wind breakers, tracksuits Sunlight absorbing and thermal retention 5 4. Swimming race and skating costume, ski jump and downhill skiing suits, cycling costumes Low fluid resistance (for water and air) 5. Swimwear, leotards, skating costume. Stretch ability, opacity 6. Skiwear, snowboard wear, football and base ball uniform High tenacity, heat melt resistance to abrasion 3. 2. Properties of sports textiles: Sports textile must have comport ability, easy to wear, easy handling. Sports textiles fabrics have a very high electrical conductivity, so they can permit the effectual dissipation of electrical charge. It should be light as best as possible. Fabric filaments are made highly effecting in moisture management thus they can wick the moisture as known as sweat away from the body keeps body dry. Sports textile should have good perspiration fastness.As this sports fabric has a special property well known as heat conductivity make possible to feel the user cooler in summer warmer in winter. Garments manufactured from sports textiles fabrics, keeps the normal stability of body comfort, because these fabrics are ultra-breathable, fast drying and possess outstanding moisture managing properties, which rapidly wick moisture away from the body. These garments are also very less in weight feature elasticity properties, which provides immense comfort and independence of movement.Keeping a normal level of bacteria on the skin offers a high level of comfort and personal hygiene, especially during athletic activities. Sports textiles fabrics remove UVA and UVB rays that are dangerous to the skin, and guarantees an improved level of defense compared to the majority general natural and man-made fibers. It also provides superior strength and durability. The athletics the leisure activities for their better performance in the sports. 4. TEXTILE MATERIAL AND FABRIC STRUCTURE FOR SPORTSWEAR: 6 It is not possible to achieve all required properties for sportswear in a simple structure of any single fiber. The right type of fiber should be in the right place. The behavior of the fabric is mainly depending on its base fibers properties. The most important properties are: fiber type;weave construction; weight or thickness of the material and presence of chemical treatments. 4. 1. Development of fibers: The evolution of fiber developments has gone through the phases of conventional fibers, highly functional fibers and high-performance fibers. Polyester is the single most common fiber used for sportswear and active wear. Other fibers suitable for active wear are polyamide, polypropylene, acrylics and elastanes. Wool and cotton fibers are still finding applications in leisurewear. Synthetic fibers can either be modified during manufacture, e. g. by producing  hollow fibers and fibers with irregular cross-section, or be optimally blended with natural fibers to improve their thermo-physiological and sensory properties. Synthetic fibers with improved UV resistance and having anti-microbial properties are also commercially available for use in sportswear. Improved fiber spinning techniques in melt spinning, wet spinning, dry spinning as well as new techniques such as gel spinning, bi-component spinning and microfiber spinning, have all made it possible to produce fibers, yarns and fabrics with unique performance characteristics suitable for use in sportswear and sports goods. New technologies for producing microfibers have also contributed towards production of high-tech sportswear. By using the conjugate spinning technique, many different types of sophisticated fibers with various functions have been commercially produced which has resulted in fabrics having improved mechanical, physical, chemical and biological functions. The technique of producing sheath/core melt spun conjugate fibers has been commercially exploited for producing added-value fibers. Unitika produced the first heat-degenerating conjugate fiber with a core containing zirconium carbide (ZrC). S0ince ZrC absorbs sunlight (visible and near-infrared radiations) and emits far-infrared radiation, one feels warmer when one puts on a jacket made from such fibers. Other types of heat-generating fibers contain ceramic micro-particles. 4. 2. High-performance fibers: Today, a wide range of high-performance fibers is commercially available for technical and industrial applications. These types of fibers are used in sports protective wear/equipment 7 developed for impact protection and in textile reinforcement in sports products for different applications. Among the speciality fibers already established are the following. Aramidfibers: Figure no: 1 aramid fibers Figure no: 2 Gloves made from aramid  ± p-aramid fiber will provide high strength and ballistics.  ± m-aramid fiber will provide flame and heat resistance. Ultra-high tenacity polyethylene fibers (UHMWPE): Gel spun, ultra high molecular polyethylene fibers with extremely high specific strength and modulus, high chemical resistance and high abrasion resistance. Polyphenylene sulphide fibers (PPS): Crystalline thermoplastic fiber with mechanical properties similar to regular polyester fiber. Excellent heat and chemical resistance. 8 Polyetheretherketone fibers (PEEK): Crystalline thermoplastic fiber with high resistance to heat and to a wide range of chemicals. Novoloid (cured phenol-aldehyde) fibers: High flame resistance, non-melting with high resistance to acid, solvents, steam, chemicals and fuels. Good moisture regain and soft hand. PBO (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers: The strength and modulus of this fiber exceed those of any known fibers. Table no: 3 Characteristics of High-performance fibers High-performance fibers Characteristics Glass fiber High resistance. Aramid Mechanical strength and high resistance to flame and heat. High tenacity polyethylene High mechanical strength, chemical  and abrasion resistance. Polyphenylene sulfide Excellent chemical and heat resistance. PBO(polybenzoxazole) High mechanical strength. . 4. 3. Special fibers used: †¢Hygra20 †¢Killat N23 Killat N from Kanebo Ltd is a nylon hollow filament. The hollow portion is about 33 per cent of the cross section of each filament due to which it gives good water absorbency and warmth retentive property. The manufacturing technology of Killat N is 9 very interesting. The yarn is spun as bicomponent filament yarn with soluble polyester copolymer as the core portion and nylon as the skin portion. Then by giving alkali weight  loss treatment the soluble polyester copolymer of the bicomponent filament will dissolve and a large hollow portion (exceeding 30 per cent of the cross section) will be created as shown is Figure 5. †¢Dacron 4-Channel Polyester a generic term for a high-performance four-channel fiber engineered to move moisture and speed the evaporation of perspiration. It is a superior fabric for wicking action, drying time, moisture absorption and transport. A high-performance, four-channel fiber engineered to move moisture and speed the evaporation of perspiration. It is a superior fabric, for wicking action, drying time,moisture absorption and transport. Lycra25 Figure no:3 Swimwear made by lycra Lycra, a truly synthetic fiber of long chain polymer composed of at least 85% segmented polyurethane, finds wide range of end uses such as swimwear, active sportswear, floor gymnastics because of its comfort and fit2O. Adding Lycra to a fabric gives it stretch and recovery, particularly in gymnastics and swimwear where body skin flexing and stretching are inevitable. Lycra T-9026 requires still effort for the same extensibility. Roica and Leofeel 10 Roica is a polyether type spandex made by dry spinning method and Leofeel is asoft nylon-66 yarn developed by Asahi Chemical. The combination of Roica and Leofeel in mixed knitted tricot fabric gives a soft touch and excellent stretch. It is mainly used in swim wear . 4. 4. Types of fabrics: A wide range of woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics are commercially available for sportswear and normal wear. These fabrics differ in their structure such as entrapped air, pore shape and size, bulk and surface properties etc. which may affect the heat and moisture transmission characteristics of the fabrics. For sportswear, knitted fabrics are preferred as these fabrics have greater elasticity  and stretchability compared to woven fabrics, which provide unrestricted freedom of movement and transmission of body vapour to the next textile layer in the clothing system. With new combinations of fabrics and yarns, and with developments in fabric construction, knitted fabric appears to be the ideal base for active sportswear. Knitted garments are mainly worn next to the skin and therefore deserve particular attention.Entrant Dermizax EV is a lightweight fabric having a feather smooth texture with excellent waterproof/moisture permeability and durable water repellency such as 20,000 mm of water pressure resistance and moisture permeability of 30,000 g/m2/24 hrs. It is an excellent and original active sportswear fabric with globally top class water proof/moisture permeability, as well as excellently durable water repellency. Its action of waterproofing moisture permeability. fig no:4 Entrant Dermizax EV fiber †¢Entrant HB is a new generation fabric with hybrid structure that synergistically integrates the advantages offered by a coating (well-balanced moisture permeability) and lamination (high waterproofness). It has high resistance to water pressure and high 11 durability against repeated washings (80 points or higher after 20 wash cycles). Its main application is outdoor wear. Toray has developed H2OFF made up of polyester microfibre fabric with a unique high-density weave structure comprising millions of microcrimped fiber loops. It also feature superb and durable water repellency, superior breathability and wind-chill resistance and attractiveness with soft hand. †¢Naiva30: Unitika has developed Naiva fabric by combining the Naiva yarn with a nylon microfibre. Naiva is an Eval/nylon bicomponent filament yarn and Eval is nothing but a copolymer resin of ethylenevinylalcohol. Naiva yarn composition is 55% Eval (23% ethylene + 32% vinyl alcohol) and 45% nylon. In the Naiva fabrics there are many nylon micro loops on the surface, which are formed by making use of high thermal shrinkage property of Naiva yarn. Naiva fabric not only has good moisture permeability but also has some other positive features like lightweight, softness and has capability of secondary finishing. The fabric is very successfully used in mountaineering wear and other active sportswear. fig no:5 structure of Naiva 30. Field Sensor21: Field Sensor is a very popular high-performance fabric from Toray,  which employs a multilayer structure that not only absorbs perspiration quickly but also transports it up to the outer layer of fabric very rapidly using principle of capillary action. It is composed of coarser denier yarn on the inside surface (in direct contact with skin), and fine denier hydrophobic polyester yarn in a mesh construction on the outer surface to accelerate quick evaporation of sweat. COOLMAX: DuPont CoolMax is a high-performance fabric that can help the athletic performance of the people who wear it. CoolMax ® moves sweat away from the body to 12 the outer layer of the fabric, where it dries faster than any other fabric. In moisture management tests, garments made with CoolMax dried almost completely in 30 minutes. Cotton, by comparison, remained wet by nearly 50%. Better evaporation means you spend less energy to cool your body, which increases your performance and endurance. CoolMax fabrics are specially designed to provide not only superior moisture management, but also to enhance the wearers comfort. All of the benefits of CoolMax fabrics are permanently built right into the fiber, requiring no chemical treatments. 4. 5. Layered fabrics: Layered fabrics became common for active sportswear. The performance of layered fabric in thermophysiological regulation is better than single layer textile structure. Each layer has distinct function; the layer next to the skin is to wick away the perspiration rapidly to the outer layer, which absorbs and dissipates it rapidly to the atmosphere by evaporation. In doing so, it takes away some of the body heat and keeps the body cool. On the inside, a synthetic material with good moisture transfer properties, e. g. polyester, nylon, acrylic or polypropylene is used whereas on the outside, a material which is good absorber of moisture, e. g.cotton, wool, viscose rayon or their blends can be placed. The conductive inner layer transfers the liquid perspiration rapidly to the absorbent outer layer chiefly as a result of the capillary effect. The absorbent outside of the textile material functions as a buffer zone for excess perspiration. In another way of constructing a physiologically functional fabric is three-layer structure. The use of superfine or microfibre yarn enables production of dense fabrics leading to more effective capillary action, with better thermo-physiological regulation. 13 14 Cellulosic or other Hydrophilic Fibres. Fig no:6 Two layered fabric structure for active wear 15 16 Cellulosic or Hydrophilic fibres Polyester micro fibres Polyester or other wicking fiber Fig no:7 Three layered fabric structure for active wear 5. MARKET SIZE FOR SPORTS TEXTILES: The technical textiles usage in the Sportech segment is valued at Rs 2,632 crore in 2007-08. The sports footwear components account for around 85% of the total segment value followed by technical textiles usage in sports composites with around 11%share. The sports footwear components are valued at Rs 2,250 crore and are expected to grow at around 11% y- o-y over the next 5 years. The technical textiles usage in sports composites is valued at Rs 293 crore. Sport composites include inflatable balls (footballs, volleyball, basketballs, etc), cricket protective equipments and boxing equipments. Around 30% of the sports composites are exported. Artificial turfs are valued at Rs 26 crore and account for about 1% of the segment only. The artificial turfs are not manufactured in India and the demand is met through imports.The usage of technical textiles in parachute fabrics, sleeping bags and hot air balloon fabricsisestimatedasRs18. 4crorein2007-08whichisexpectedtoincreasetoRs28crore by 2012-13. The consumption of sail cloth in India is negligible. †¢Sports nets, high performance swimwear and tents account for the remaining technical textiles consumption in Sportech with market size of Rs 5 crore, Rs 0. 84 crore and Rs 39 crore respectively in 2007-08. India exports around 40% of its sports nets production and around 25% of its tents production. The usage of technical textiles in sports nets and tents is expected to increase to Rs 30 crore and Rs 49. 8 crore respectively by 2012-13. Overall, the usage of technical textiles in the Sportech segment is expected to increase 17 fromRs2,632crorein2007-08toaroundRs4,358croreby2012-13,growingata CAGRof just below 11%. Sportech segment of technical textiles is estimated to provide employment to 88,000 peopleofwhomnumberoftechnicalemployeesisestimatedat70,000andnumberof non-technical employees is estimated at 18,000.The sports footwear industry is expected to grow by at least 8 percent per annum and accordingly, the demand potential for sports shoes and the attendant requirement of fabrics would be as below Table no: 4 Market Potential for fabric requirement for sports wear Year Sports Shoes Requirement of fabric (million meters) Million Pairs Value(Rs. Crore) 2001-02 570 5100(1020). 105 2003-04 595 5950(1200) 120 2007-08 804 8040(1600) 140 Note: Figures in brackets indicate approximate value of technical textile shoe component 5. 1. The key impediments to the growth of Sporttech products:- Inadequate domestic demand The raw materials and machinery for products like Ballooning fabric and Artificial turfs is not available in India which render these products expensive as compared to other manufacturing countries Demand for products like parachute fabrics, tents, etc is driven primarily by the  defense sector onlySportech products are typically labour intensive, availability of skilled labour is a major impediment to growth Licenses and clearances required for products like Ballooning fabric are a major impediment as well. This interactive workshop on Sports Textile focuses on building bridges between the Users and Manufactures. It will provide thought leadership and strategic vision to the technical textile industry in general and Sports textile in particular. 6. APPLICATIONS/USES OF SPORTSWEAR: Sports textile has versatile use. Some uses of Sports Textile are given below: 18 i. Sports composites ii. Artificial turf iii. Ballooning fabrics iv. Parachute fabrics v. Sail cloth vi. Sports nets vii. Sports footwear viii. Tents for sports ix. Swimming costume x. Sleeping bags xi. Sports equipment xii. Cycling xiii. Golf xiv. Tennis xv. Mountaineering, xvi. Skiing, xvii. Cricket, etc. 7. CONCLUSIONS Modern peoples are paying more attention to sports activity. The use of sports fabric is increasing day by day in various sports and leisure activities. The consumers seem to be prepared to spend considerable amounts of money on sportswear and other functional fabrics. During designing the sportswear fabrics, the aspects which are considered: protection/safety functions to protect wearers from adverse weather, comfort functions which gives wear comfort (thermal, sensorial and body movement comfort), exercise function to enhance performance of athlete, and aesthetic appeal and high fashion ability. The required functions of sportswear fabrics differ in different situations such as type of sports, environmental conditions and level of activity etc. Sportswear developed by using special type of polymer, type of fibrous material, modifying the fiber/yarn/fabric structure, lamination,  finishing technology and manufacturing technology etc. The introduction of high functionality and comfort in the sportswear fabrics provide unlimited scope for sportswear fabrics. 19 8. BIBILIOGRAPHY: ?Development Active Sportswear Fabrics and Synthetic Fibre Producers, JTN, Dec. ,1983, ?Sports Textile/Sporttech | Properties of Sports Textile | Application/Uses of Sports Textile, http://textilelearner. blogspot. in/2012/03/sports-textilesporttech-properties-of. html Assessed on 24. 12. 2012 ?International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR) ISSN: 2319-4413 Volume 2, No.1, January 2013 ?i-Xplore International Research Journal Consortium www. irjcjournals. org ?Active Sportswear Fabrics ? Dr. Devanand Uttam, Assistant Professor, Punjab Technical University, Giani Zail Singh Campus, Bathinda, India ?FICCI Presents interactive workshop on sports textiles by Ministry of textiles. ?COOLMAX ® Performance Fabrics, 11495_CoolMaxSS_v3 2/25/04. ?Textiles in sports† by R. Shishoo ?An emergence of sport-tech in technical textile industry by M. Nithiyakumar,G. Thamotharam ?www. indiantextile journal. com ?www. fibre2fashion. com ?www. texmin. com ?www. design-technology. org/sportsshoes1. htm .