Events Before Rizal Essay

Significant Events of the nineteenth hundred The collapse of the Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese,Holy Roman and Mughal empires. wideism became the preeminent reform movement in Europe. The nineteenth century was an era of invention and discovery, with significant developments in technological advances of the 20th century. The Industrial Revolution began in Europe. The Victorian era was notorious for the employment of teen children in factories and mines.World events (cont.) Advances in medicine and the understanding of humanity anatomy and disease thus, accelerating population growth in the western world. Slavery was greatly trim down around the world and banning slavery throughout its domain, and charged its navy with ending the global slave trade. Britain abolished slavery in 1834, Americas thirteenth Amendment following their Civil War abolished slavery there in 1865, and in brazil-nut tree slavery was abolished in 1888.French Revolution A period of al-Qaida social and politic al upheaval in France where the absolute monarchy that had rulight-emitting diode France for centuries collapsed in three years. The Storming of the Bastille and the subsequent Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was the catalyst of theFrench Revolution. As a result, A republic was proclaimed in September 1792 and King Louis XVI was executed the next year.The Storming of the Bastille July 14, 1789The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the CitizenLouis XVIExecuted by decapitate on 21 January 1793. He was the only king of France ever to be executed.The Rise of forty winks Bonaparte 18041814 The First French empire by Napolon Bonaparte. It brought order to France after the French Revolution. His reign ushered Europe the Napoleonic Wars. French power rose quickly, conquering most of Europe, but collapsed rapidly after Frances disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812. As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century.Napoleon Bonaparte Le Petit Corporalconflict of Austerlitz also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, as one of Napoleon Bonapartes greatest victories, effectively destroying the Third Coalition against the French Empire.French Failed Invasion of Russia December 1812Napoleons Retreat from Moscow December 1812 Out of an genuine force of 500,000 600,000, only 40,000 frost-bitten and half starved survivors stumbled back into France.Battle of Waterloo 18 June 1815 The defeat at Waterloo put an end to Napoleons detect as the French emperor, and marked the end of Napoleons degree Celsius Days of return from exile.The Rise of the Pax BritannicaBritains Imperial CenturyIt lasted from 1815 to 1914Around 10,000,000 public square miles(25,899,881 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire.The British EmpireBattle of Trafalgar October 1805 The battle was the most decisive British oceanic victory of the war.Nelson was shot on the quarterdeck. He died three hours later. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount NelsonArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He commanded the allied army which defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo during the Hundred Days in 1815.Latin-American War of Independence Lasted from 18th and early 19th centuries. Haiti became the first colony to rebel againstFrance and became independent in 1804. Soon after, Mexico, Brazil and the comfort of South America gradually gained their independence. This weakened Spain and Portugal as they are depended with their Latin American colonies for raw materials. This map shows the timeperiod of the different war of independence in South America beginning with Haiti.Battle of Carabobo VenezuelaBattle of San Domingo HaitiIndependence of Brazil 1822 Battle of Boyaca ColombiaLiberatoresSimon Bolivar Peru Central South AmericaBernardo OHiggins chillyJose de San Martin ArgentinaMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla Mexico El Grito de DoloresFranois-Domin ique Toussaint Louverture HaitiOpium Wars Also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were theclimax of trade disputes and diplomatic difficulties between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire after China desire to restrict British opium traffickers. First Opium War 1839-1842 Second Opium War 1856-1860 China was defeatedin both wars leaving its disposal having to tolerate the opium trade.Unequal Treaties Britain forced the Chinesegovernment into signing the Treaty of Nanjing and the Treaty of Tianjin, also known as the Unequal Treaties. Included provisions for the enterprisingness of additional ports to unrestricted foreign trade, for fixed tariffs for the recognition of both countries as equal in correspondence. Secession of Hong Kong to Britain.American Civil War Was a civilised war in the unify States of America from 1861 to1865. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the accessory States of America (the Confed eracy). The main yard of this civil war was on the issue of slavery. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that freed of 3.1 million of the nations 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced in Confederate territories.Seceding States South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North CarolinaFirst Flag of the Confederate States of America Stars and BarsGreat Seal of the Confederate States of AmericaJefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of AmericaAbraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States of AmericaBattle of Fort Sumter April 1213, 1861 This event triggered the American Civil WarFort Sumter Flag Diamond-shaped star formationBattle of Gettysburg July 13, 1863 A Major mastery of the United States against the ConfederacyAge of reasonableness The era in Western philosophy and intellectual, scientific andcultural life, ce ntered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason wasadvocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority. At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals, and a strong belief in rationality and science. The Enlightenment is held to be the source of critical ideas, such as the centrality of freedom, democracy, and reason as primary values of society. This view argues that the establishment of a contractual basis of rights would clue to the market mechanism and capitalism, the scientific method, religious tolerance, and the organization of states into self-governing republics through democratic means.Scientific Revolution A period when new ideas in physics, astronomy,biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences led to a rejection of doctrines that had prevailed starting from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, and laid the foundation of modern science. The 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession the term sci entist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell. New discoveries and inventions were established during this period such as the Spinning Jenny, Cotton gin, and steam power led to the Industrial Revolution.Industrial Revolution Economicprogress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion railway locomotive and electrical power generation.Literature The new century opens with Romanticism, amovement that spread throughout Europe in reaction to 18th-century rationalism.Writers of theth 19Century Alexandre Dumas, pere The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers Charles Dickens Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol Victor Hugo Les Miserables, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Hans Christian Andersen The Little Mermaid, Thumbelina, The Ugly Duckling Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Faust Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle turkey cocks Cabin mile Zola Jacc use Arthur Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes Bram Stoker DraculaBram StokerNathaniel HawthorneHarriet Beecher StoweJohann Wolfgang von GoetheAlexandre Dumas, pereArthur Conan DoyleHans Christian AndersenCharles DickensEmile ZolaVictor HugoSignificant Events in Spain during the 19th Century The Peninsular War was an opportunity for theSpanish colonies to declare independence from Spain. Spain lost all her colonies in Latin America except Cuba and Puerto Rico. Florida was sold to the United States. The Cadiz Constitution was a defining moment of liberalism in Spain. This will also give way to tensions between the Conservatives and Liberals. The situation in Spain grow worse receivable to the Carlist Wars.Peninsular War Was a contest between France and the alliedpowers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. Rey Carlos IV, along with his prime minister Manuel de Godoy, kept on switching sides during the Peninsular War resulting from his abdication in favor of his son, future Rey Fernando VII.Peninsular Wars (cont.) After Spains surrender in 1808, Napoleon installed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain. Joseph never had full control of Spain due to the little wars (guerilla). Juan Martn Dez was among the leading guerilla. He was named El Empecinado (TheUndaunted). In 1814, Rey Fernando VII returned to Spain and restored the Bourbon rule in Spain.The Second of May 1808 (The Charge of the Mamelukes) Francisco GoyaRey Carlos IV De Jure King of SpainJoseph Bonaparte De Facto King of SpainJuan Martn Dez El Empecinado (The Undaunted)Manuel de Godoy Prncipe de la Paz Carlos IVs Prime MinisterRey Fernando VII King of Spain upon RestorationSpanish Constitution of 1812 Also known as Cadiz Constitution, was make bythe Liberals of Spain during the Peninsular War. Liberal deputies were in the majority, and they wanted Equality before the law A centralized government An efficient modern civil service A reform of the tax income system The replacement of feudal privileges by freedom of contract The recognition of the property owners right to use his property as he saw fit.Cadiz Constitution (cont.) The Cortes of Cdiz worked feverishly, and the first writtenSpanish constitution was promulgated in the city of Cdiz on March 12, 1812. The Constitution of 1812 is regarded as the first example of classic liberalism in Spain, and one of the first worldwide. During the early nineteenth century it served as a model for liberal constitutions of several Mediterranean and Latin American nations. Rey Fernando VII promised support on the new constitution. But he later repealed it, backed by Conservatives and the Roman Catholic Church, citing that the constitution made by a Cortes assembled in his absence and without his consent.Florida Purchase In 1819, Spain was forced to sell Florida to the United Statesfor 5 million dollars.Carlist Wars From 1833 to 1876. This splintered the c ountry into two factions known as the Cristinos (or Isabelinos) and theCarlists. The Cristinos were the supporters of the Queen Regent, Isabella II and her government. The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos V, a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII.Reina Isabella II Daugther of Fernando VIIInfante Carlos, Conde de Molina Brother of Fernando VIIThe Rise of the Ilustrado Class They are from the oculus class society. They were the children of wealthy landowners. They were educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals. They were composed of nativeborn intellectuals and cut across ethno-linguistic and racial line. They sought reform through a more equitable arrangement of both political and economic power under Spanish tutelage.Rapid Decline of Spanish Rule in the Philippines Church power was at a decline in Europe and friarsbegan pouring more to the Philippines. This proved to be problematic as friars gained mor e power. More peninsulares began pouring into the colony and began occupying the various government positions traditionally held by the criollo or insulares. The criollo or insulares, now almost disenfranchised from power, demanded representation in the Spanish Cortes where they could express their grievances.