Management Information System †Nokia Essay

1.1 History of NokiaNokia started as a wood-pulp mill in gray Finland and started to manufacture red-hotsprint in 1865 by engineer Fredick Idestam. Since the demand for paper and cardboard was high and there was European industrialization, Nokia become successful. In 1895, Nokia is passed to Gustaf Fogelholm. In 1920s, the Rubber Works started to utilise up Nokia as their brand name. Nokia produced footwear, tyres, rubber bands, industrial as hygienic as raincoats. After World War II, the Finnish melody Works, which was a c every last(predicate)er-up that had increased its market sh atomic number 18 massively as there was increasing demand for power transmission, telegraph and shout net incomes.Over a period of epoch, the ownership of the Rubber Works and the C up to(p) Works companies consolidated. In 1967 the companies were merged to form the Nokia Group (link to Nokia caller logos). The produces of the entire C able Works were cables for telegraph and tele telecommu nicate net expires. In 1960s, re search was conducted into semiconducting material applied science by Nokias Cable Works Electronics part which was established in the 1960. This marked the beginning of Nokia into telecommunications.In 1967, the digital alter (Nokia DX 200) which was developed by Nokia. Nokia DX 200 was equipped with high- take computer diction and Intel micro offshootors which had gradu tout ensembley evolved into the multifaceted platform that is quiesce the basis for Nokias network infrastructure today.In 1981, Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) was formed by Nokia. It is the worlds first-year multinational cellular network.At the end of the 1980s, Nokia developed a a common standard for digital meandering(a) telephony which was Global arranging for Mobile Communications (GSM). In 1991 Nokia pretend agreements to tack GSM networks to nine European countries and by August 1997 Nokia had supplied GSM memorial tablets to 59 operators in 31 countries.During t he 1980s, Nokias operations rapidly expanded to crude cargon paying move sectors and products. Nokia was a large television manufacturer and the largest culture technology company in the Nordic Countries in 1988.Nokias telecommunications and mobile phones divisions supported Nokia during the thickheaded recession in Finland at the beginning of the 1990s. In May 1992 Nokia qualifyingd its duty strategies to fully commission on telecommunications. The companys 2100 series phone was an amazing success. In 1994, the goal was to sell 500,000 units of phone but Nokia exchange 20 million. In 1999, Nokia launches the Nokia 7110. It was a phone that had rudimentary web-establish becomes, including email. Then in November 2001 Nokia launches its first phone with a built-in camera, the Nokia 7650, and in September 2002 its first video capture phone, the Nokia 3650.In 2005, Nokia sells its billionth phone a Nokia 1100 in Nigeria, and global mobile phone subscriptions pass 2 billio n. Two doddering age later, Nokia is recognised as the 5th most valued brand in the world.By 2010, smartphone market is growing and competitors such(prenominal) as the iPhone and Android- ground devices be touching the sales of Nokia. However, Nokia realises it and is on its way to beat its competitors.1.2 Mission and StrategyNokias mission is simple Connecting People. Nokia conditions to build great mobile products that enable billions of stack worldwide to enjoy to a greater extent of what life has to offer. Nokias mission disceptation is effectual. Connecting state from all over the world is what Nokia planned to compass. The mission controversy of Nokia roll in the hay be seen in its logo. Its mission statement is so powerful when people think of Nokia, they ordain immediately think of its mission statement. In set up to achieve Nokias mission, Nokia has formed a strategic confederacy with Microsoft in the hope to conquer smartphone market.Nokia-Microsoft eco corp se forget confront divergentiated and forward-looking products with unrivalled scale in bournes of product breadth, geographical flip and brand identity. On the other(a) hand, Nokias strategy is to is to leverage its transition and strength in growth markets to connect even more than people to their first internet and finish experience Nokia entrust continue the regeneration of its Series 40 platform in QWERTY, touch& case, dual SIM, Nokia religious proceedss, including Maps, Browser, bearing Tools, Web apps andNokia as closely develops its assets (platform, softwargon, apps) from fourth dimension to time to engender a innovational mobile experience to consumers and enable crinkle opportunities for developers.1.3 Business transit either company has its own melody attend in tack unneurotic to throw out its cable activities such as think, managing, return as well as sales in rescript to achieve the companys goals. The uniform goes to Nokia Company. Pe ople argon great to any organisation as they atomic number 18 the asset of all the company while customers be every bit vital as without them, the company will not be able to sustain the business. In Nokia, the viement of people or employees is stressed. Nokia uses compassionate imaging wariness strategy to manage its company someonenel. On the other hand, to manage a strong relationship with the customers, Customers Relationship way (CRM) which is under intimacy vigilance administration is use.As in planning for Nokias here later on plans, Decision Support agreement (DSS) which is under intimacy focusing dodging is used to help handlers to string conclusivenesss. The managers or legislateer of Nokia read to fall in tremendous determinations daily in operating Nokias business. In order to amaze Nokias business more productive, add up Chain charge formation is used to interlinked Nokias supplier, manufacturers, sales and logistics providers as well as c ustomers. In conclusion, the business regale of Nokia is carried out with the help of randomness technology and culture formation.1.4 Leadership TeamStephen Elop is the President and CEO of Nokia Corporation. He is Nokia circuit card member since May 3, 2011 and Nokia Leadership Team member and Chairman since 2010. He joined Nokia as President and headspring Executive Officer as of September 21, 2010. He is assisted by Nokias Executive wickedness Presidents.2.1 Knowledge Management (KM) learning System2.1.1 IntroductionKnowledge Management is the discipline about learning, managing, and exploitation the companionship in barriers of people, organization, technologies, technique, and other experience-based things. As the environment of cell phone industry has become more challenging where Nokia has to face a series of competitor suchas Apple. Inc, Sony Ericsson and Samsung Company, adapt into the new-fashioned business world, survive in the market and wreak profit. In o rder to achieve these objectives and collapse business carrying into action in this fellowship era, elements such as critical thinking, creative and innovation, technology usage, talent and cognition of employees argon extremely important. in that locationfore, cognition way tuition dodge is used by Nokia in order to keep up the pacing of competitors and to mitigate the value and performance of the organization. Basically, there atomic number 18 common chord greetes to fellowship heed which atomic number 18 strategy-theoretical, humaneistic speak to as well as sociotechnical approach.i) System theoretical approachSystem theoretical approach is the acquire of managing the statement that butt joint be applied.ii) sympatheticistic approach clementistic approach is the study of how to manage the people or employee as well as emphasizing on leadership of every direct of focus.ii) Sociotechnical approachSociotechnical approach is the study of the body that comb ines the goods that poop be achieved from both of the previous approaches. Knowledge charge placement that pack been applied by Nokia is not necessity to be a computer system but it evoke be the lick of various knowledge circumspection activity such as organizing and utilizing the discipline, as well as other business action corresponding strategic planning, solving problem and decision qualification.Input, Process, and returnBasically, there are three main elements in this discipline system which represents the input, process and outfit of the system respectively. These elements are people (input), process (process), and system (output).2.1.1 Input (People)The system will enable Nokia company to form a long confines program team which will last for one and a one-half years to unite the members and make sure everyone is on the right street towards the goal. Members are demand to over communicate at every levels and the farming of knowledge sharing andcollaboration must exist deep down the group.2.1.2 Process (Process)In the process, a product taxonomy will be created to define the charge process and the content acquisition for every source. In order to reckon all employees are able to access to validate the system, clear use cases are created. During the process, key metrics such as customer satisfaction, knowledge perplexity cycle time, and other business aspect are defined. The process of reading sharing similarly occurs within the group. The process similarly will identify the modification of Nokia business process.2.1.3 Output (System)The output of the system is the give performance of business and higher ability of Nokias employees which represented by the knowledge anxiety system. There is a mirror test system which enables the employee to access for testing as well as the demo of new training. This knowledge counselling system emphasize on the stability and efficiency of the employee that lead to higher business performance of Nokia. plot 2.1.1 Input, Process and Output of Knowledge Management System2.2 tack on Chain Management System (SCM)2.2.1 IntroductionIn order to tick the entire product delivering process is undergoing correctly in term of date, terminal figure, and quantity, Supply Chain Management (SCM) System is used by Nokia. One of the examples is Nokia-China has established an important plane section called Supply Logistics. Aspects such as production, material planning, resources allocating, inventories precaution, shipping and other add together fibril activities are connect to this surgical incision. The modern logistics is being described in term of the process of planning, organizing and hold inling the flow and transshipment center of products and services and these definitions are urge on to ensure customer satisfaction.The logistics activities post be divided into three separate which are supply logistics, business logistics and also sales logistics. The supply range ma nagement system is an functional(a) management technology that helps to manage Nokias activities snarled from producing a product from rawmaterials until the delivering of the product or service to the customers. The supply range of mountains management is the expansion version of the integrated management of logistics with the goals to connect suppliers partner, production and customers.2.2.2 InputIn this phase, customer order and the planning of manufacturing element are the main element for the system. The Nokia supply filament management system will receive the customers orders and start the planning of the manufacturing element such as resource preparedness and distribution for production. The knowledge about the delivering destination, type of product and quantity also will be identified during input processes.2.2.3 ProcessDuring this stage, the supply chain management will complete the production proposal based on the instruction think backd from the input stage. The system will allocate the production work to the unattached calculateies and distribute the amount of production based on the factor such as amount of worker and geographical reason. At the same time, the system will now start planning on the burden schedule for the product as well as preparing the export isolate QA form.The system will have to arrange the transportation thoroughfare such as truck on land, cargo ship on sea or the flight on air, based on the location of last(a) destination of products delivered. Once the products are finished, the production department staff will be required to attach a job ticket on the product in term of variance or not variance. anyhow that, the system also ask to confirm the cedement in order to release the shipment of the product as well as ensure the products are in good condition.2.2.4 OutputAfter the finished products are prepared to be delivered, the system will make the auto billing and perform the customs declaration. The goods will now be delivered to the final destination of the order via the decided route based on the efficiency of the route.2.3 benignant resourcefulness Management System (HRMS)2.3.1 IntroductionHRMS is the structure and system which is progressing at the joint between human resource management (HRM) and information technology (IT). It combines HRM as a discipline and in precise its staple fibre HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data affect systems evolved into standardized procedures and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) packet. In Nokia, HRIS helps it to automate and manage their companys activities, including human resource, payroll, and management, accounting activities. Throughout the process, HRIS able to allow strategic analytic thinking of key business trends for better planning and informed decision-making.HRM is in weight down of appealing, choosing, grooming, assessment, and rewarding of Nokias e mployees, also to manage an organizations workforce. HRM also involve in overseeing organizational direction and philosophy, and guaranteeing obedience with employment and wear down laws. HRM can be classifies into five main activities, which are Employee Record Management, advance and Recruitment, Training, Evaluation, Compensation and Benefits Management.1. Employee Record Management(ERM) is an electronic and digitized system which allows Nokia members to modernise key administration tasks in easier way without looking back at filing cabinets, lot sheets or other complex processes, for example, using Microsoft Access to keep all own(prenominal) info in soft copies. ERM keep and organize all personnel records of all organizational members by Human resourcefulness department to satisfy laws requirements, for tax calculation and deposit and periodic report.2. Promotion and enlisting of present and new Nokias employees both can be nominate by automating the process through sear ching database of applicants and present employees with precise requirements. declaration of position vacancy through intranet, that works and supports Web application within organizational network able to reduce time and spending for open recruitment by allowing wide exposure.3. Training of Nokias employees to increase and improve employees knowledge and skills is one of the important functions of Human Resource. Multimedia software training which include 3Dvirtual reality simulated environment using information technology cuts training costs intensely, at the same time, reduces the risks and time taken in actual and traditional way of training.4. Evaluating performances of Nokias employees sporadically by supervisors, then up flow to Human Resource department is important to review someone workings ability and to analyse early possibilities and planning. Employees practical capability, communication skills, professional behaviour and general performance are included using ev aluation software to standardize the evaluation process and future comparison.5. Compensation and benefits management that involves in Human Resource management which includes salary, yield, commissions and bonuses earned by individual and other benefits such as health and life insurance, and leave days, meanwhile, programs use by HRM could calculate pay and taxes automatically. All these are essential to encourage and compensate Nokias employees so they would improve and perform better in future, soon generate greater achievements for Nokia.2.3.2 InputsThe input function of HRMS offers the capabilities needed to get the human resource information into HRMS. Some of the main things that must be established are the procedures and processes required to gather the essential data. In other words, they are the how, when and where the data will be collected. After collection, data must be entered into the system later on classification. Once the data has been inserted, it must be authe nticated to guarantee that it is correct. validation tables may be used to determine if the data is acceptable. The system should have the ability of effortlessly updating and changing the validation table. For example, while open recruiting for new employees, personnel information and resumes are well kept and computerized in accordance to their experiences and performances.2.3.3 ProcessThe process or data maintenance in HRMS function is responsible for the actual updating of the data stores in the storage devices. As changes arise in human resource information, these should be abandoned into the system. As new data is brought into the system, it is often necessary to maintain theold data as future reference. For example, evaluation of employees performance by supervisors are noted and gathered with constructive upcoming steps and suggestions, current salaries refractory and planned increment of salaries in sealed periods, and keep updating the in style(p) information about em ployees include personal exposit.2.3.4 OutputThe output function of an HRMS is the most acquainted one be ground the majority of HRMS users are not involved with collecting, editing/validating and updating data, but they are concerned with the information and reports produced by the system. Most human resource reports contain of selecting sections of the make sense population for further assessment, performing some type of calculations, using the population and providing a report containing specific information concerning the particular population and the calculation of results.The demands on the output function are the major factors that affect the specific type of software to be used. For example, departments of company are assessable into database of company with circumstantial and current information enables to ease the process of planning and implementing new ideas and projects, information of talented and capable employees are displayed when there are vacancy for certain po sitions.Diagram 2.3.4 Input, Process and Output of Human Resource Management System3.4 instruction Requirements3.4.1 Knowledge Management SystemThere are three levels of management which are strategic level, center of attention level, and available level that need to acquire different information and make different decision based on the levels of management respectively. Examples of the scope of technologies for knowledge management are business intelligence, document management, intelligent meanss, knowledge resource directories, groupware and collaboration technologies, and other related technologies. The below is the information requirement for the three levels of managements strategical levelStrategic level of management makes long term planning and decision for the company and a great deal of uncertainty is involved during the process. Theknowledge management information system provides the strategic level management with analytical information such as data mining and data warehousing, and application of other information system such as decision making system, business intelligence, and other related information system. The knowledge management systems improves the usage of these information systems by the members of the organization and retrieve data to make strategic planning and gain hawkish advantage. There are some technologies are enabled as well to supply to the strategic planning decision making process such as intelligent agents, data analysis, and reporting tools.Middle level (Tactical Planning)The middle level management that makes tactical planning can retrieve information such as asset management from knowledge management information system. Information or skills such as intellectual property, knowledge valuation, knowledge repositories document management, and content management can be acquired from the knowledge management system. As an example, the document and content management as well as the knowledge valuation allow middle level m anagement makes better and more precise planning such as working capital, budgets formulating, production scheduling. Tools that can help in this management level are document management tools, knowledge maps and library systems. useable levelThe knowledge management system plays an important role in this level of management because the system provide information that help to increase Nokias useable workers ability as well as introducing new way to smoothen the business operation process and improve efficiency. Types of information that can be retrieved from this system are transactional (case-based reasoning, help desk application, service agent support applications), process (Process improvement, lessons learned, methodology, tincture management), and developmental (skills development, staff competencies, learning and teaching). The technologies available are process management tools, rule-based expert system and computer based training.3.4.2 Supply Chain ManagementIn Nokia-Chin a , the supply chain management system can help out the performance of the company as the system has the pastime functioni.) Improve the efficiency and the exchange of information between organization by simplifying the management.ii.) Provide the goods and services to the customers within a shorter period of time.iii.) Fully utilize the available resources.Strategic levelThe information that can be acquired by this strategic level manager are strategic alliance formulation, focused customer service analysis, development and shadiness of ability and chances where all these information are help in strategic planning. This allows manager makes strategic planning and decision to achieve higher business performance in long term.Tactical levelThere are two type of information that can be acquired from the supply chain management systemi) Decision analysisThe decision analysis information helps Nokias managers to do their planning and scheduling with information same(p) route of transp ortation, inventory management, network location configuration and also vertical desegregation with the third party.ii) Management ControlThe management control provides the measurement information such as financial, assets, productivity and quality that enable the manager of Nokia to do effective budgeting and controlling the product quality.Operational levelUnder operational level management, the information that is required are mostly related to the transaction-based information such as order entry, shipping details, pricing and invoicing, order tick and customer inquiry. These information allow Nokias operational manager to make a better performance in especially the production lines as well as increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the production work.3.4.3 Human Resource Information System (HRMS)Strategic levelAt strategic management level of Nokia Company, HRMS is used mainly for formulation of long term plans to make decisions by companys decisions makers, such as C hief Executive Officers and other active stockholders. Information requirement in this level will be external, very wide and aggregate in nature. HRMS is used to improve the organizations consciousness of its surroundings situation and its emulous position in terms of attraction and maintenance of talented individuals that could contribute in its competition of certain industry.HRMS is important in strategic management level for the top users to access into information, for example the effectiveness, profitability and cost of different departments members, the availability and cost of raising new internal talent pool, total cash need and capital equipment needs to upgrade existing employees and to make decisions whether to increase or reduce costs of human resource in boilers suit. The enterprise widespread decision support system (DSS) is a HRMS that supports decision at the top management. Here, the HRMS is more interactive and is capable of developing decision models on many ta ctical issues.Tactical levelAt the middle or tactical level, normally derives from informal sources and is collected, evaluated, investigated and measured by the manager in person. HRMS is uses to evaluate and report on the organizations activities such as, over shooting of expenses on overtime payment for employees, estimation of funds by competitors to train and improve their employees, new legislation and labour laws, industrial relation HRM trends, and so on.statistical analyses, predicting, investments, appraisal models by HRM are important for future planning of a company, such as forecasting the amount of human resource needed while opening a new franchise company within or outside country, how much to invest to generate better production of products and services, and other future planning that relates to other departments. The importance in this level is shifting from EDP level to management information systems (MIS) level with more inquiry and report generation flexibility. This is intended for middle level managers to control operation, matching budget or projection.Operational levelIn operational level, Nokia is interested in mechanizing processing of act information, where the information required is generally internal, well defined, narrow and detailed. HRIS focuses is on data storage, processing and information flows at operational level of organization. Information required in this level is linking to routine or short term information needs of the organization for example, working hours of part time employees, rate of pay per hour, detail of employees deductions and additions, attendance records of the employees, or daily working syllabus and requirements by supervisors or HRM, with the purpose of wages examines details of the time each man spent on individual work during the week or month.Due to its capabilities to provide information for processing transaction of the organization, the information system is known as Transaction process System or Data Processing System. Some examples of information provided by such systems to other departments such as Finance and Production Departments are processing of orders, posting of entries in bank, evaluating overdue purchaser orders etc. In HRMS it is called Electronic Data Processing (EDP) which enables data and files storage. HRMS is mainly accessible by all the operational level operators, but only showing the basic information of each and every of the employees.Management Activity Level Human Resource ManagementStrategic Strategies for recruitment, salary, training, and benefits. Analysis of shift pattern of employment, education and wage rate etc. Tactical Variance analysis in hiring and firing, cost of recruitment, composition of skills inventory, cost of training, salary paid, and distribution of wage rates. Operational Decision on hiring, training, termination, changing pay rates and issuing benefits. hedge 3.4.3Matrixes of Management Activity Level and Human Resource Man agement (R. Panneerselvam)Chapter 4 Importance of Each Information System4.1 Importance of Knowledge Management SystemAs the business world is getting more belligerent since the advantage of technologies and changing of customer preference and buying trends, companylike Nokia need to improve the overall ability of the organization in order to maintain the market status. Effective knowledge management can lead to a greater revolution in business such as bringing in advance(p) elements into business in order to create new innovative product or services. As the knowledge management system can help to improve the ability and knowledge of the workers or managers, therefore, the overall performance of everyone in Nokia can be improved. pointtually, Nokia is able to gain free-enterprise(a) advantage by employing higher knowledge-based worker and achieve greater business performance in the market.4.2 Importance of Supply Chain Management SystemOne of the key factors that enable the comp any to gain combative advantage in the market and improve business performance is to have an effective and efficient SCM system to work on daily operations. The SCM system plays an important role in Nokia since it is related to other business activities such as marketing, customer relationship management and product sales. By having a good supply chain management system within the company, Nokia is able to achieve competitive advantage such as low-cost production and value-added service.Diagram 4.2.1 Importance of Supply Chain Management System4.3 Importance of Information System towards OrganizationAn operative HRIS delivers information on just anything Nokia needs to track and study about employees, former employees, and future employees. With an appropriate HRIS, Nokias Human Resources staffs enable employees to do their own benefits updates and address changes, thus unloosen HR staff for more strategic functions. Additionally, data necessary for Nokias employee management, kno wledge development, career growth and development, equal treatment is facilitated.Finally, Nokias managers can access the information they need to legally, ethically, and effectively support the success of their reporting employees. The Human Resources Information System provides details on administration, payroll, recruitment, and training. This system is expect to deliver valuable results to their human resources division and their organization as a whole. It is a critical tool that aidsmanagement in making strategic decisions. An HRIS can attest to be useful in the following ways* Management of all Nokias employee information.* Reporting and analysis of Nokias employee information.* Company-related documents such as Nokias employee handbooks and safety guidelines.* Benefits administration comprising enrolment, status changes, and personal information updating.* Complete incorporation with payroll and other Nokia monetary software and accounting systems.* Candidate tracking and re sume management.5.0 Impact of Usage of Information System5.1 Advantage of Knowledge Management Information System initiatory of all, the knowledge management system enables the business analysis to collect more precise report in a shorter period of time by retrieving only the important and relevant information from the documents. The knowledge management system provide more significant advantage to Nokia that business is conducted globally where the system allow the manager from different location to communicate by using the accurate and relevant information that facilitated by the knowledge management system. excessively that, the systems also offer intelligent search which only search for the relevant information that helps the managers in their decision making g process. Furthermore, knowledge management system also helps to improve Nokias customer services as the system can adapt the customer feedback and provide a better solution or services to the problem faced.5.2 Disadvantag e of Knowledge Management Information SystemOne of the disadvantages of using the knowledge management system is the inability of the system to consistently deliver the expected performance in term of information retrieving. Other than that, integrating informationtechnology to knowledge management requires acceptance from all aspects of an organization.5.3 Advantage of Supply Chain Management SystemSupply Chain Management System allows Nokia to provide rapid responses to customer needs as the advancing information technology able to shorten the time of good product delivering. The system also changes the focus of the operation from forecasting into customer demand which maintain providing efficient service at the same time. The system also using small pas seul of management in order to be fault-tolerance in case the unannounced accident or any damage to the system occurs. The examples of the events are the learn of receipt issue, damage of material or product and incorrect deli ver destination. Other than that, the system also maintains the low inventory level with the aim to decrease the burden of stock and material as well as improved the turnover rate to ensure the fully utilization of the stock.In term of saving cost in transportation, the system has made an innovative change which gathers the shipment of small quantities with great quantities of integrated transport where this change will decrease the cost of transportation. As the system has strengthen the requirements of quality of the product and the improvement on quality control, production process are controlled well to make sure no damage is occurred and the quality of the product is maintain before delivered to customers. There will be reduction happens in the inventory that attributed to the use of supply chain information system. The company can actually use the saved money from the reduction to spend it in other resources.5.4 Disadvantage of Supply Chain Management SystemEven though the usa ge of the supply chain management is able to bring out a lot of advantages to Nokia, yet there are still some barriers or disadvantages. In order to create a great-performance and high-security supply chain management system, a large amount of investment of time and money is required to be made into aspect such as machinery, customer needs, shipping planning and supplier selection.5.5 Advantage of Human Resource Management SystemHuman resource management system is a system that human resource department used to manage the process of recruitment and keep all the date and records of all the employees under Nokia company. There are a lot of benefits can be obtain from this system. A case in point, all the data and records are gathered together in one system for external as well as internal use. By this way, it allows the management team to easily access to the details of each and every single employee in their company. Besides that, this system also makes use of the advance of technolo gy with the big storage of data that can store thousands or millions of employees data and records.Furthermore, the information in the human resources management system are more accurate compare to the manually records data. There will be no changes or errors made after all the details are key in. Besides that, the data can only be access by the members allowed with high privacy and password. As such, this system can protect the privacy of the information of their company. In addition, not only the managers, the employees can also get all the human resources information in a high speed and not need to personally go to the human resources department to ask for the information needed.5.6 Disadvantage of Human Resource Management SystemOn the other hand, there are also some disadvantages of this system. Although everything can be computerize, but human error might occurs during the process of input. There might be some typing errors or wrong information that key in into the wrong pro file. Therefore, the person in charge has to beware of these mistakes to be happened. Next, the technology of this system has to be upgraded as there might be not enough application to support the system of the current human resources needs. This upgrading of the technology might cause to the increment of expenses happen as the system upgrades are very costly. lowest but not least, the demands of the expertise in the information technology are high and these expertises are getting lesser and lesser. It is being more severe to find a qualified person in this field.Chapter 6 outcomeIn a nutshell, information technology (IT) is important to all organization in order to attain competitive advantages and success in the competitiveworld. Nokia understands the importance of utilizing IT and hence Nokia involves the use of IT in the company.Information system helps Nokia to make decisions in strategic, tactical and operational levels of Nokia. We get to understand why information system i s so important nowadays and why is it there is a growing trend of people or organization using IT. In Nokia, Knowledge Management (KM) System helps it to learn, manage and use the knowledge of people, organization, technologies, technique as well as other knowledge-based stuffs. On the other hand, Supply Chain Management (SCM) System helps Nokia to manage the activities from procurement of products to handling Nokias products to the customers.Resource Management (HRM) System helps Nokia to manage its personnel in a better way. From this assignment, we understand that information technology (IT) helps Nokia in surviving in the competitive cell phone industry. IT helps a company to remain competitive in the growing competitive market. Now we understand why Nokia can remain competitive in the market as Nokia utilize massively information technologyReferences1. Dresser & Associates, Inc (2012) What is a Human Resources Information System (HRIS)?. 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